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Mechanics of flow of inhaled fibres in a replica of human airways
Kánská, Jana ; Elcner, Jakub (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
The ability to describe the movement of fibrous particles is essential not only because inhaled fibers can cause serious lung diseases, but also because the fibrous shape of particles could be suitable for inhalable medications. The theoretical part of the work is dedicated to the methods currently used to model the transport of fibers, both in simple cases and in models of human lungs. Furthermore, it summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field of fiber movement a deposition. An overview of experimental and computational studies is provided. In the experimental part, two deposition experiments with polydisperse fibers were conducted. One experiment represented a woman’s breathing during heavy activity, with an effective inhalation flow rate of 127 l/min. The other represented a woman’s normal breathing, with an effective inhalation flow rate of 19.1 l/min. A female lung model was used, created by modifying a male lung model. The results confirmed that with a lower inhalation flow rate, fibers have the potential to penetrate deeper into the lungs, specifically beyond the 7th generation of branching in the tracheobronchial tree. Among the most significant findings is the fact that to ensure effective targeted drug delivery in the case of aerosolized fibrous medications, it is necessary to control the inhalation style, particularly the maximum flow rate.
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Deposition of particles released by 3D printing
Niesner, Lukáš ; Elcner, Jakub (referee) ; Bělka, Miloslav (advisor)
This thesis deals with the measurement of particles emitted by a 3D printer in a domestic environment and the subsequent CFD simulation of the deposition of these particles in a realistic model of the human airway. As a result of the work, the total and partial deposition of nanoparticles in the airway model can help to better understand the health risks.
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40/5000 Fine particles produced by the stove
Škvařil, Ondřej ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This master thesis deals with problematics of fine particles produced during combustion in fireplace stoves. The theoretical part is focused on the analysis of the atmosphere, health consequences, solid pollutants, the formation of particles (origin), particle separation and how they are regulated by laws. Theoretical section of the thesis addresses analysis of biomass and its combustion. In the applied section are listed given methods of the particles measuring according to regulations, common errors during measurement and methods of identification of measured fine particles. Then follow specific measurements of the formed very fine particles produced by the SMPS method. Subsequently, the results of the measurement are evaluated and summarized in the conclusion.
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Vizualization of flow of fibers from insulation mineral wool
Kedajová, Kristýna ; Elcner, Jakub (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
One of the most used insulation materials of our time is mineral wool. As with formerly used asbestos, not all the health impacts of mineral wool fibers inhalation are known. The aim of this thesis is to gather findings relating to the transport of aerosols, their deposition in human airways and to obtain and statistically evaluate experimental data from the visualization of fibres in the glass tube resembling human airways. This data can improve understanding of the relation between glass fibres action and possible health hazard.
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Numerical model of aerosol formation during biomass combustion
Chýlek, Radomír ; Lízal, František (referee) ; Masaryk, Michal (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis focuses on creating a numerical model to describe the thermal impact on biomass with aerosol formation. The model is based on the modification of the network-based CPD model and is intended for simulating the thermal decomposition of biomass. The objective of this work was to verify the functionality of the model and perform comprehensive validation through laboratory measurements. The validation involved analyzing lignocellulosic biomass and its individual structural materials. The validation results confirmed the model’s ability to simulate slow pyrolysis with good agreement with experimental data. Prior research focused on determining the composition of biomass and selecting an appropriate model for biomass combustion/pyrolysis simulation. The thesis also describes other tested approaches and improvements to the CPD model.
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Inhalers and nebulizers for treatment of diseases caused by bacteria
Kánská, Jana ; Bělka, Miloslav (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
One of today's problems that threaten the future of humanity is the ever-increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. It is therefore necessary to look for new treatments against bacterial diseases. A possible alternative to antibiotics is treatment with bacteriophages. This work aims to help to increase the effectiveness of bacteriophage treatment. The first part of the thesis contains a survey of inhalation devices and focuses in particular on the devices most suitable for phage therapy, i.e. treatment with bacteriophages. Furthermore, there is a brief overview of phage therapy and the studies already conducted on this topic. In the experimental section, three experiments are described. In the first two experiments, the model drugs were liposomes. First, their size distributions were measured after nebulization using two types of nebulizers (jet and mesh). Next, the deposition of liposomes after nebulization was monitored in a simplified lung model. In the third experiment, phage lysates were nebulized using three different nebulizers (two jet and one mesh). The nebulized lysates were captured in a sterile tube so that the stability of the phages after nebulization could be subsequently evaluated. The experimental part showed that during liposome nebulization, the jet nebulizer produced more FPF than the mesh nebulizer. It was further found that during nebulization with the jet nebulizer, almost the same amount of aerosol entered the lungs as remained in the mouthpiece, with a large amount also remaining in the nebulizer itself. A third experiment showed that neither nebulizer substantially degraded the phage lysate.
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Vertical gradients of atmospheric aerosols chemical composition
Kovářík, Jiří
The aim of this work is to obtain data on the chemical composition of aerosols at two heights (4–5 metres above ground and at 230 metres on the atmospheric tower’s measurement platform). The following and sampling techniques will be used: Aerosol Mass\nSpectrometry) – in combination with PMF (Positive Matrix Factorisation), Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor and Particle Into Liquid Sampler coupled with Ion Chromatography.
Plný tet:  PDF
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Inhalers and nebulizers for treatment of diseases caused by bacteria
Kánská, Jana ; Bělka, Miloslav (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
One of today's problems that threaten the future of humanity is the ever-increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. It is therefore necessary to look for new treatments against bacterial diseases. A possible alternative to antibiotics is treatment with bacteriophages. This work aims to help to increase the effectiveness of bacteriophage treatment. The first part of the thesis contains a survey of inhalation devices and focuses in particular on the devices most suitable for phage therapy, i.e. treatment with bacteriophages. Furthermore, there is a brief overview of phage therapy and the studies already conducted on this topic. In the experimental section, three experiments are described. In the first two experiments, the model drugs were liposomes. First, their size distributions were measured after nebulization using two types of nebulizers (jet and mesh). Next, the deposition of liposomes after nebulization was monitored in a simplified lung model. In the third experiment, phage lysates were nebulized using three different nebulizers (two jet and one mesh). The nebulized lysates were captured in a sterile tube so that the stability of the phages after nebulization could be subsequently evaluated. The experimental part showed that during liposome nebulization, the jet nebulizer produced more FPF than the mesh nebulizer. It was further found that during nebulization with the jet nebulizer, almost the same amount of aerosol entered the lungs as remained in the mouthpiece, with a large amount also remaining in the nebulizer itself. A third experiment showed that neither nebulizer substantially degraded the phage lysate.
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40/5000 Fine particles produced by the stove
Škvařil, Ondřej ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (advisor)
This master thesis deals with problematics of fine particles produced during combustion in fireplace stoves. The theoretical part is focused on the analysis of the atmosphere, health consequences, solid pollutants, the formation of particles (origin), particle separation and how they are regulated by laws. Theoretical section of the thesis addresses analysis of biomass and its combustion. In the applied section are listed given methods of the particles measuring according to regulations, common errors during measurement and methods of identification of measured fine particles. Then follow specific measurements of the formed very fine particles produced by the SMPS method. Subsequently, the results of the measurement are evaluated and summarized in the conclusion.
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