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Demokracie v islámském náboženství a kultuře
VERNER, Matěj
This bachelor thesis aims to describe relationship between democracy and Islamic religion and culture. The thesis introduces to the reader the history and tenets of Islam, its main sources and character of Islam in political environment. Afterwards, describes the profile of Muslim countries and their relationship towards liberalism and secularism. Afterwards, the thesis introduces the correlation between Islam and democracy on exemplar country - Indonesia - using indexes of democracy and reports of human rights. Lastly, the thesis describes the political theory of multiculturalism, political activity of Muslim minority in European countries and response from its critics.
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Comparison of Andrej Babiš and Emmanuel Macron in the context of political entry, ideology and European stances
Urbaník, Milan ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Michal, Aleš (referee)
The paper compares the relationship between Andrej Babiš and Emmanuel Macron. In the first part it compares their entry into the political arena using the Genetic Model by Angelo Panebianco. Both politicians, Babiš and Macron, tried to present their political movements as emerging from the bottom up, but in reality, it was a process of diffusion from the leadership to the periphery. Babiš's ANO is financed directly by himself and his business concern, which legitimises it internally, while Macron's En Marche! relies on donors, which legitimises it externally. Both politicians displayed a situational charisma when they entered the political arena which played a key role in the growth of their political movements. Using Klaus von Beyme's Theory of the Party Family, I compare the ideologies of the two politicians, who share certain liberal elements, especially on economic issues. Both politicians advocate running the state like a business, rejecting the labels of right or left and preferring professional solutions to political ones. They reject political labels and refuse to align themselves with one ideological spectrum. We thus identify elements of technocracy and populism. While Macron's position remains consistent, Babiš is changing his position. The biggest differences, however, can be found in...
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Contemporary thinkers of the European far right: a comparative analysis
Olšáková, Martina ; Charvát, Jan (advisor) ; Guasti, Petra (referee)
The thesis deals with the political thinking of contemporary intellectual representatives of the extreme right, as well as the thinkers who built the ideological foundations for the modern extreme right. In the first part of the thesis, the basic concepts with which the far-right scene works and also the methods of its organization are presented. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on important founders of extreme right-wing thought, Julius Evola, Oswald Spengler, Carl Schmitt and Ernst Jünger. The next part of the work is devoted to the characteristics of the contemporary extreme right, the introduction of ideological pillars, the introduction of the French New Right and the identitarian movement. In the last part of the work, the opinions on selected topics of the main representatives of the intellectual far-right scene of today, Alain de Benoist, Guillaume Faye, Renaud Camus, Dominiqua Venner, Götze Kubitschek, Markus Willinger, Armin Mohler, Alexander Dugin, Franco Freda and Tomislav Sunić are examined and compared. The work primarily aims to describe how the intellectual far-right scene tried to adapt its ideological and political thinking so that it became acceptable in society and the political environment after the Second World War, and what are the common and different features of the selected...
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Democratic Peace in Theory and Practice
Olejníková, Lenka Barbora ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Rychnovská, Dagmar (referee)
The thesis "Democratic Peace in Theory and Practice" aims to present the Democratic Peace Theory as an international relations theory with a practical significance for the political practice. The Democratic Peace Theory will be first analysed as a part of a broad liberal tradition of International Relations Theory, and then particular ways of how the theory is empirically related to the practices of international politics will be examined. The main objective of the thesis is the analysis of the complex nature of the Democratic Peace Theory with the emphasis on the potentiality of the theory to have larger political impact.
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Czech modern conservatism in the light of the SPOLU (Together) coalition
Rumiantceva, Iuliia ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Charvát, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis examines contemporary Czech conservatism in the context of the SPOLU coalition, which currently consists of three political parties (ODS, TOP 09 and KDU-ČSL). The main goal of the work is to analyze different approaches to conservatism within the coalition. The thesis consists of a theoretical and analytical part, focused on the development of conservatism as an ideology and individual party families, as well as on the current political situation in Europe and the conservative faction of the EU. This work first deals with the concept of conservatism, its origin, and the definition of the concept. The analytical part of the work focuses on the analysis of the conservatism of the parties of the SPOLU coalition, including their attitude to traditional family values, national identity and culture, social and economic policy and other aspects that are fundamental to conservatism. Subsequently, the work deals with the ideological position of individual political parties and then performs their analysis. Based on the analysis, it is defined whether the parties are truly conservative. The work will also explore whether the coalition parties could merge to form a new political party. The research questions are whether the SPOLU coalition can be considered conservative and whether the...
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Berlin's Positive Freedom in T. H. Green's Thought
Hulvertová, Anna ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena na dva politické filozofy, kteří významným způsobem rozvinuli koncept pozitivní svobody. Isaiah Berlin je asi nejznámějším autorem rozdělujícím svobodu na pozitivní a negativní. T. H. Green, i když v dnešní době, a hlavně českém prostředí tolik známý není, byl ve své době považován za transformátora celého liberálního směru a myšlení o svobodě právě díky interpretaci pozitivní svobody. V této práci se proto snažím zjistit, zda pozitivní svoboda definovaná I. Berlinem odpovídá tomu, jak o ni ve svých dílech hovořil T. H. Green. Pozitivní svoboda je velice významný koncept v politické filozofii, stejně tak mají svůj zásadní význam oba autoři. Jejich komparace proto přináší na koncept pozitivní svobody nový pohled. Detailnější analýza jednotlivých autorů a následná komparace jejich myšlení o pozitivní svobodě ukazuje na výrazné odlišnosti mezi jejich pojetím pozitivní svobody, a tím pádem i na existenci možnosti odlišného uchopení tohoto pojmu, než je pouze obecně nejvíce známá Berlinova definice.
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Britain in the European Communities under Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
Šebík, Ondrej ; Lenčéš Chalániová, Daniela (advisor) ; Martinková, Viera (referee)
This thesis aims to determine whether Margaret Thatcher's European policy was ideologically consistent with conservativism. The record of the British Conservative Party on European policy is inconsistent. The party that initiated Brexit was the same party that integrated the United Kingdom into the European Communities under conservative prime ministers Heath, Thatcher and Major. The divergence begs the question of what conservative European policy really looks like. The thesis therefore first defines conservatism and what parameters will be used in the subsequent comparison. Subsequently, Thatcher's decisions, views and actions in the European Communities will be compared against these parameters. Although with minor derivations, the thesis concludes that Margaret Thatcher's European policy fulfils the definition of conservative.
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Fenomén soudobého populismu a Donald Trump
SOUKUP, Karel
First of all in my bachelor thesis I will focus on elucidaing the term contemporary populism. I will introduce political definitions and concepts of this term. Then I will describe populism in different stages: populism in pre-election campaigns, in government or eventually after the end of mandates. I will describe the features, populist rhetoric, argumentation, behavior and many other aspects that populist politicians adopt. I will describe some features on world, European and Czech politicians. In the second part the thesis, I will try to analyze the policy of Donald Trump, and I will apply the theories studied in the first part of my work with an example of his political activity.
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Self-interested individuals and social order in liberal thought
Kawada, Naoki ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
in English : Liberalism is one of the most prevailing political thoughts in modern society. It is often mentioned in connection with other social systems such as democracy and market economy. But what exactly are the main characteristics of liberalism? How has liberal thought developed in modern society? The main concern in this thesis is to describe the characters of modern liberal thought from the perspective of social contract theory and of some liberal thinkers who emphasize the self-interested (or rational) individuals. Social contract theory is the hypothetical equipment for thinking about individuality (basic feature of modernity) and social order. The purpose of the first part of the thesis is to describe how self-interested individuals agree with the establishment of a sovereign. At another part, by mentioning some liberal thinkers, I will discuss the possible spectrum of the rules of government in liberal thought. The spectrum could be explained as the result of different assumption of self-interested individuals and of legitimacy in society. In the whole thesis, I will focus on two elements in society: particularity and generality. Particularity means particular interests (self-interested behavior) of individuals and generality means general interests (publicness). In comparison of...
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