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Wooden construction of the movable roof of the garden pavilion in Český Krumlov castle
Bláha, Jiří ; Kloiber, Michal
A remarkable technical monument is situated on one of the garden terraces belonging to the state castle and chateau in Český Krumlov. The umbrella-shaped roof of the lookout pavilion can be lifted about a meter above the masoned parapet allowing the visitor a beautiful view of the World Heritage town panorama when the weather is fine. In windy conditions or in case of heavy rain the roof could be lowered and the pavilion thus closed. The lifting is operated by means of a wooden lever mechanism with a counterweight box hidden in the basement level of the building. The unique construction was built in 1823 and needed to be partially altered in 1830-1835. However, since then it has been preserved in a surprisingly authentic state even allowing practical demonstrations of its original function. Prior to recent repairs in 2016, a comprehensive non-destructive survey was conducted. The extent of the damage discovered was determined by measuring the speed of elastic wave propagation using stress waves (Fakkop 2D) and measuring the mechanical resistance when drilling with a thin bit using resistance micro-drilling (Resistograph). Another method based on loading timber by means of a\nminiature loading jack inserted into a drilled hole was selected to determine the current mechanical properties.
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Analytical model of joint loaded perpendicular to wooden grain
Hataj, M. ; Pošta, J. ; Hasníková, Hana ; Kunecký, Jiří
Computing models for structural behaviour and determination of traditional timber butt joints using analytical relations are presented in this paper. A component method is the base of the computing technique introduced herein. This method is usually used for steel joint design. The component method is based on dividing a joint into individual components. These are defined by partial joint component stiffness. An analytical solution includes a subsidence effect of wooden material close to compressive loading. Analytical computation results are compared with the experimental outputs. A design procedure according to Eurocode 5 for a load capacity determination of perpendicularly loaded structural elements is stated in the paper.
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Proceedings of the SHATIS 2022 – 6th International conference on structural health assessment of timber structures
Kunecký, Jiří ; Hasníková, Hana
Structural health assessment of timber structures associates various procedures in order to evaluate the safety and serviceability of structures. Also, it helps to assure or extend the predicted service life of structures. Service life sustainability can be promoted by the incorporation of monitoring systems or by providing tools and methods that deliver accurate reports about the structural condition. Conservation and assessment of timber structures is based on a multidisciplinary approach. The conference topics cover the wide spectrum, from wood properties, through performance of joints and timber design, to modern monitoring and digital technologies. As the topics include both existing and historical timber structures, the need for reliable non destructive testing methods is part of the approach as well.
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Comparison of mechanical properties of wood determined by local gently destructive tests and fully destructive tests on building elements
Drdácký, Miloš ; Kloiber, Michal ; Valluzzi, M. R. ; Casarin, F.
Demolition or repair of historic buildings is a valuable source of test materials for testing nondestructive and gently destructive methods for estimating the mechanical properties of built-in wood. The article uses the results of one such opportunity, when it was possible to study the mechanical properties of wood obtained by local measurements on a larger sample of historic and new wooden beams and compare them with the properties calculated from destructive tests of structural elements. Thirty-one wood elements (nineteen recovered from disassembled buildings and twelve new) were subjected to considerately destructive local tests using a loading mini-jack method. In this method, a small loading jack is inserted into a precisely drilled hole and a load test of the wood in compression along the fibers is performed on a part of the hole wall while measuring the achieved deformation under load. Red and white firs, and pine species constituted the recovered elements - red fir and larch the new ones. Destructive tests (in bending and compression) were also carried out on ten recovered and six new elements, and results were correlated with those of considerately destructive tests. Comparison of the assessed mechanical properties shows reasonably good correlation and promising conclusions for practical applications.
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Creep of oak dowel: various loading and environmental conditions
Hasníková, Hana ; Kunecký, Jiří ; Hataj, M.
For research of timber joints, the crucial role in force distribution inside the joint is played by distribution and variability of stiffness of the dowels. Not only the instant stiffness, but the one that we can encounter after some longer period. Also, this value and its statistical distribution is influenced by many other factors, however, humidity and temperature are in timber (oak) dowels of utmost importance. In the work results of a creep experiment made using a special testing rig is presented. It has been found, that biggest changes in creep behavior are in case if very humid conditions are present, and, also, that cycling the temperature in high humidity conditions can produce about 104% of the original instantaneous displacement. The result is not surprising, however, new insights are made thanks to relatively high number of samples and ability to produce some statistics. Another outcome is relation of dowel stiffness in time to the level of applied stress, which is quantified in the article.
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Long term optical monitoring technique of displacement fields based on ArUco markers
Kunecký, Jiří
In structural engineering it is often needed to measure tiny displacements of parts of the structure extremely precisely. For such a purpose it is often needed to use some type of sensor attached to the surface of the structure. This paper presents a new technique which simply uses computer vision libraries to measure displacement of markers originally developed for robotics. Such analysis can be under specific circumstances (2D planar movement) valid if we compare two images taken at different times with the same camera. Main advantage of this method is simplicity of use and low cost of markers, which can be printed in a standard office laser printer. The resolution (error) can be for standard cameras around 0.1 pixel. The method is especially developed for research of timber frames/joints behavior in real structures, because displacements of joints in creep or under load can reach an amplitude which is perfectly detectable by this method.
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