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Literary modernism and the truth behind hoaxes. The symbolist conception of hoaxes between gnoseological enthusiasm and epistemological scepticism
Řezníková, Lenka
The study focuses the shifts in the representations of hoax in the Czech literature at the end of the 19th century and their epistemological context. Whereas in previous decades mystifications were particularly represented as a social practice, at the turn of the century they free itself from existing ethical standards and raise to a legitimate aesthetic and gnoseological category. This shift in the conception of hoaxes reflected the general rise in the scepticism, which at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries cast doubt over illusory obviousness of empirical evidence. Despite this epistemological scepticism, however, a new conception showed some gnoseological optimism, i.e. did not exclude the possibility of gaining knowledge as such. However it postulated knowledge of a new and unempirical kind reflecting the danger of delusion.
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Unreliable recorders. Collectors of folk songs as inventors of tradition
Kratochvíl, Matěj
From the end of the 18th century folk music increasingly came to be an object of interest among collectors and researchers. The development of folksong collecting raised questions overthe authenticity and credibility of the recordings.During the 19th century collectors applied various measures to form an image of folk music culture, which was always to some extent an invention and a fiction, whether it involved the alteration of song lyrics to achieve a more acceptable form by omitting vulgar expressions, or the deletion from the repertoire of entire items which the collectors did not deem suitable for inclusion. Authors of important collections such as František Ladislav Čelakovský and Karel Jaromír Erben often altered the recorded material to make it fit their ideas of correct national culture. Folksong acquired a special role in the disputes over the authenticity of the Dvůr Králové and Zelená Hora manuscripts. Collector František Bartoš and historian František Dvorský, each in their own way, used folk songs as an argument in favour of the view that the manuscripts were authentic.
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Czech Manuscripts and Polish Returns to the National Songs
Dobiáš, Dalibor
This study raises the issue of how late 1810s and early 1820s Polish literature reflects the Czech forged manuscripts, which "as the most prominent fraud in the style of Macpherson’s Songs of Ossian" (Donald Rayfield) substantially molded 19th and 20th century Czech culture. The generic and typological focus is on Śpiewy historyczne z muzyką i rycinami (Historical songs with music and engravings, 1816) by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz (1758–1841), which preceded the Czech manuscripts, and the edition of Ruska prawda (Russian Truth, 1820, 1822) by the historian of Slavonic law Ignacy Benedykt Rakowiecki, which in opposition to Josef Dobrovský appreciated the pagan realia in the Zelená Hora manuscript and so had an effect on its Czech reception. In the dynamically transforming Czech and Polish literature of the 1810s, this study identifies a number of common elements based on the case of the manuscripts and Śpiewy historyczne, but it also characterizes the differing cultural and social backgrounds behind the basic differences between the manuscripts and Śpiewy. The Czech manuscripts, created in the tradition of European Ossianism, are highlighted by the study primarily as a unique linguistic and literary achievement in the reconstruction of Czech poetic language in the latter half of the 1810s.
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The Second Part of the Manuscript of Dvůr Králové and its finder Antonín Pfleger Kopidlanský
Píša, Petr
This paper presents an analysis of the memoirs of Antonín Pflegr (1811–1896), who was literarily active under the name of Kopidlanský, which claimed that in 1821, when he was ten years old he found in a cell in the Dvůr Králové decanal church tower a parchment strip belonging to the Dvůr Králové manuscript, which he later presented to Václav Hanka. Pfleger’s parchment strip discovery is interpreted as proof of the early worship of the place in which the manuscripts were found, which started to play the role of a Czech national history heritage site. This paper refers to the ongoing institutionalization and collectivization involved in commemoration of the site on which the manuscript was allegedly discovered and the decline in this tradition at a local level after the main wave of disputes over the authenticity of the manuscripts had passed over.
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The reception of the Manuscripts in satire and humour
Hemelíková, Blanka
Czech manuscripts were importantly reflected in humour and satire, the key issues being the cult and myth connected with the manuscripts and controversies in the battles for or against authenticity of the manuscripts. The local echoes of the mainstream of European Ossianism is brought to mind, too.
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