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Phosphorus in aquatic ecosystems - forms, determination, cycling
Hejzlar, Josef ; Borovec, Jakub
Ecological importance of phosphorus in the aquatic environment is analysed. Starting with characterising the phosphorus chemistry and properties of its compounds in water and organisms, the paper gives an overview of external and internal sources of P for aquatic ecosystems, explains main principles of cycling within the water column and between the water column and bottom sediments and discusses relations between phosphorus concentrations and eutrophication.
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Possibilities to decrease of the phosphorus concentrations in wateshed and reservoir
Borovec, Jakub ; Hejzlar, Josef ; Maršálek, Blahoslav
P concentrations in the outflow from the watershed result from the group of factors including geology, climate, vegetation cover, morphology of streams and others. Selection of the watershed restoration strategy and its optimalisation depends on the regional, but the common idea for management of both watershed and reservoir should be the recovery to natural processes of nutrient retention together with the idea of sustainable development of the landscape. For the reservoirs, it is always lucrative to precede their overloading by phosphorus. Thinking about the decrease of P in the reservoir, the only possibility is to remove the sediments as the final deposition pool in the P-cycle. In case of the decrease of P in the water column, i.e. available for algae, another procedures of reservoir management can be used.
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Excavation and treatment of sediments
Pokorný, J.
Methods aimed at reduction of internal nutrient loading in eutrophic water bodies are explained. Development of blue greens results both from external and internal loading. Eutrophic sediment in which anaerobic processes také place releases phospohorus which results in uncontrolled development of water blooms. Examples of hypertrophic lakes in which restoration was realised with success are given. Principles of sediment treatment aimed at immobilisation of phosphorus are explained. Aeration, P precipitation, nitrate application are described. Techniques for removal of eutrophic sediment both by classical and suction dreges are described. Relevant scientific literature is given.
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