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Processing of Correlated Measurements
 Gerhátová, Ľubomíra
Correlation is a standardized rate of stochastic dependence between a pair of random variables. The empirical correlation coefficient characterizes the degree of dependence between realizations of a random variable, e.g., between individual independent measurements, between measurements of different types, between measurements with different devices or observers, between measurements with different technologies or procedures, between measurement results and the external environment, etc. The ideal situation is when the measurements are stochastically independent of each other, and thus the correlation coefficient between individual by measurements is equal to zero (corresponds to the diagonal covariance matrix of the measurement). This state is ensured in practice by alternating between different measurements, by alternating observers, instruments, measurement methods, etc. Using simple examples, we will show how the processing results will change with the use or non-use of correlations between measurements.
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Processing of Measurements With Different Levels of Uncertainity
 Gerhátová, Ľubomíra
In geodetic practice, we often encounter the fact that at the points of the geodetic network we need other types of geodetic measurements (in terms of measurement procedures and accuracy) and it is appropriate to combine them within the processing process. The most commonly used method of least squares is simple, but within the processing process it combines the given a priori accuracy of measurements (individual measurements and their groups) together with the measurements themselves. If the a priori uncertainty of one method (or group of measurements) is significantly overestimated, resp. underestimated against another method (group of measurements), the result does not reflect reality. The method of estimation of variance components is one of the methods that shows how to deal with such a situation.
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