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Palliative care in intensive and resuscitation care units
ZIMOVÁ, Eva
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of palliative care in Intensive and Resuscitation Care units. Intensive care aims to save lives, while palliative care accompanies the patients and improves their last moments. Although it would appear that these two fields has not much in common, this is not the case. Both touch the death and work with people who balance between life and death. The theoretical part describes the various fields, including their history. The chapter is further dedicated to the connection of these two areas. The following chapters cover the ethical aspects of palliative care provided in Intensive and Resuscitation Care units. Following chapters deal with dying and death. The last chaptersof the theoretical part are focused on the relatives of dying and deceased patients. The aim of the thesis was to map the awareness of medical staff working in Intensive and Resuscitation Care, discover the approach of medical staff working in Intensive and Resuscitation Care to the provision of palliative care in Intensive Care units, to identify problems and shortcomings on the part of medical staff in providing palliative care to Intensive and Resuscitation Careunitsand to identify the factors which influence the medical staff in the provision of palliative care in Intensive and Resuscitation Care units. The research was carried out at the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care of one of the South Bohemian hospitals. Results are showing that the medical staff working at the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care staff have excellent theoretical knowledge in the field of palliative care. They try to provide the best possible care to patients and do their best for them. Despite all this, problems related to insufficient and inappropriate communication were found, which is underlined by the environment in which it takes place. Due to the great specificity of the ward, it is often very difficult to ensure the best possible conditions for the dying patient and his beloved ones. Another shortcoming was the absence of psychological support and care for medical professionals, who are constantly exposed to stress. There was also a complete absence of support and care for the bereaved which is part of and a prerequisite for providing quality palliative care. Based on the interviews, we can say that at Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care is highly educated stuffandthey do their work with passion and want to provide it with the best possible quality. However, in this case, it would be appropriate to offer healthcare professionals sufficient training opportunities in palliative care and communication. The results of this work could help to minimize the problems identified and could serve as a basis for lectures and seminars for Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care staff.
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České překladatelství a tlumočnictví v EU
ZÍMOVÁ, Eva
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to write a user-friendly booklet referring to the importance of Czech translating and interpreting services in the European Union at general as well as practical level, focusing on individual language departments and services provided by translators and interpreters working in EU bodies. In the beginning of the thesis we will learn about the ways leading into the translating and interpreting department within the EU and their education. Second and third parts of the thesis introduce the Czech translation and interpretation departments and point out their significance. Short part of the thesis is dedicated to the helping tools that the European Union provides to the Czech translators and interpreters. The final part of the thesis informs about the private language companies and freelance translators and interpreters working for the EU.
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The nursing care of patients with brain injurines
ZIMOVÁ, Eva
A brain injury generally belongs to the most frequent injuries. A patient with a brain injury is mostly hospitalized in a healthcare facility, where he/she should be provided with the complex medical care. As a nurse has an important and irreplaceable role in the care, she usually assists a patient at the admission, participates in the treatment, she is present at all complications that arise or at patient's recovery and release, she should have sufficient knowledge and know the rigours of such care. The goal of this thesis was to find out the specifics of the nursing care of patients with brain injuries and to ascertain the knowledge of the possible complications that might arise in patients with brain injuries, among general nurses. Research questions were set: What is the level of the knowledge of nursing care of patients with brain injuries among general nurses? What are the most frequently occurring complications in patients with brain injuries? What are the specifics of the nursing care of patients with brain injuries? How do nurses respond to complications that might arise in patients with brain injuries? Quantitative research carried out in the form of semi-structured interviews and participant observation were chosen for the elaboration of the empiric part. We can conclude on the basis of this work that nurses have good knowledge of the care of patients with brain injuries and its specifics. Nurses from traumatology departments however pay higher attention to a patient at the admission, a patient is disappearing from the answers given by nurses from anaesthesia departments, they more likely speak about examinations and operations. Nurses are also able to reveal complications and deal with them. However, nurses from anaesthesia departments are more capable of referring to this kind of injury and the related complications than those from traumatology. This is why I consider important to offer nurses further education in this issue, which they seem to miss according to results of the interviews. The results of this bachelor thesis can be presented at seminars at anaesthesiology and traumatology departments.
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Taking care of family members of a dying client in a home for the eldelrly.
ZIMOVÁ, Eva
People usually die in hospitals, at subsequent care departments and in retirement homes nowadays. Ill people die alone outside the comfort of their homes and in the care of professionals, who are strangers for them. Dying has become an institutionalized process. Dying is first of all a process that consists of three known periods of different length, which are linked together the pre finem, in finem and post finem periods. They are described in chapter 2. Chapter 3 describes the mental response stages according to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in the usual order as the mostly occur. The fourth chapter mentions the needs of the dying and the role of a nurse in their satisfaction. Communication with family members is probably the most demanding activity for a nurse. Communication and its principles is dealt with by the fifth chapter. The sixth chapter describes the phases of grief according to Kubíčková (2001), but also the uncomplicated and complicated grief. The assistance to the family is described in the seventh chapter. A subchapter is also dedicated to counselling for the bereaved.The load on nurses in relation to dying is mentioned at the end of chapter eight. The last, ninth chapter describes a retirement home and the services it provides. The first goal was to examine the readiness of healthcare staff to communicate with the family members of dying clients. The second goal was to find the spheres in which the family members of a dying client need advice. The third goal was to examine the services provided to the family members of a dying client by a retirement home. The research questions:How are general nurses able to cope with communication with the family of a dying patient?What topics do general nurses avoid in communication with the family of a dying patient?What advice are general nurses able to give to the bereaved?What possibilities do retirement homes have to ensure dying with dignity?What services do retirement homes provide?Qualitative research in the form of semi structured interviews was chosen for elaboration of the empiric part of the thesis. The interviews were based on prepared questions and sub questions for general nurses from two retirement homes. One of them is in the South Bohemia Region and the other in the Central Bohemia Region. The sample consisted of eight general nurses. The interviews were recorded in written and then processed into individual categories. The names of the facilities are not mentioned to ensure anonymity. The thesis gives an insight into two addressed retirement homes in different regions. The research has brought the view on the care of family members and valuable comparison of the provided services and the possibilities of the homes. Communication with the family is in some situations unpleasant and stressing for a nurse, however it is frequent and inevitable. The research shows that informing of worsened state and client's death is most unpleasant and stressing. General nurses should be better aware of the phases of dying according to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross and they should realize that the family members go through the same phases. We have also found that if family members are not offered assistance and support, they usually do not ask for it. Both the homes are trying to create the environment for dying with dignity according to their possibilities. They offer unlimited visits, spiritual services and also the possibility of the last goodbye, however it is not offered automatically. The choice of funeral service is on the other hand always offered at the death notification.There are differences between the two homes in the environment where the care of the death body is taken, where the last goodbye is held and the inheritance passed. One home has the possibility to care about the deceased in a dedicated room, where also the last goodbye and inheritance passing is held. The other home does not have this possibility.
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