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Comparison of risks of people occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation to people working in other professions
VORÁČKOVÁ, Marcela
The diploma thesis deals with the examination of risks impacting persons professionally exposed to ionizing radiation and the dangers posed by other professions. It is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theory explains the concept of ionizing radiation and considers its sources. It also discusses the effects and subsequent exposures and protection. There is a brief chapter on workplaces with radiation sources. The practical part is designed in the form of qualitative research. The aim was to compare the risks in ccupations in which people are exposed to ionizing radiation with the risks of persons in other professions. During the research, I determined radiation doses, radiation risks in employees, the number of expected deaths, the cause of exposure, the consequences and the possibility of preventive measures. I also examined mortality in other selected professions. I determined the number of deaths caused by cancer and other diseases and injuries. At the end there are three interviews with the physicians of Prague hospitals and a nuclear power station providing information on this issue from their many years of experience. In the discussion part, the results are being compared and evaluated. The risks of death of irradiated workers, the benefits they actually receive, have been shown to be low, and their positions are therefore considered safe compared to other professions. For other jobs, on the other hand, a high number of deaths during working hours has been ascertained. In the case of the risk of death of irradiated workers with "tolerable" doses, the values are already higher in comparison with other professions. Despite the benefits of the work, its research may be negatively affected by a small selection of professions - not all existing positions have been included, such as teachers, bricklayers, train drivers, game carers and others. Therefore, it is important to further nvestigate the risks and discuss the correct setting of limits for radiation workers.
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Use of physiotherapy to restore function after total knee replacement
VORÁČKOVÁ, Marcela
The bachelor thesis deals with possibilities of early physiotherapy of patients after total knee replacement during hospitalization and explores its influence on improvement of the movement of the joint and muscular strength, healing of the surrounding tissues, increasing mobility and independence of the patient. It is divided into a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the anatomy of the knee joint, its kinesiology and gonarthrosis. Further it contains information about total replacement, the actual surgery, and especially the description of a suitable therapy focused mainly on the postoperative phase during hospitalization and also after the discharge into the home care. The physical therapy and care abroad is also mentioned. The practical part consists of qualitative research. The aim was to compile patient case reports after this surgery and propose a rehabilitation plan for them. During the research, I cooperated with three patients. Each case report includes a medical history, an initial and a final examination with a suggestion of a short-term rehabilitation plan and its description. Moreover, there is an evaluation of the therapy and a draft for a long-term rehabilitation plan. The therapy was conducted every weekday during the hospitalization and the contribution of physiotherapy was evaluated on the basis of the comparison of the initial and final examinations results. All patients experienced a significant improvement in the flexion of the operated joint, gait and independence, increased muscle strength of the limb, decreased swelling and pain, and the pathological barrier of the tissues of the operated limb. However, the elasticity of the scar and tissues around the patella, trigger points and shortened muscle groups were not affected within the time allowed. Physiotherapy have proved to be highly beneficial to all these patients, but during the short time there has been no improvement or restoration of all the aspects observed. Therefore, it is important to continue with regular care even after leaving hospital. This work can be used by students as well as patients, who are about to undergo a surgery of this kind, and other health care staff.
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