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Educational Process Focused on Prevention of Infectious Diseases in the Romany Population
VIDENSKÁ, Magdalena
The topic of the thesis is: ``Educational Process Focused on Prevention of Infectious Diseases in the Romany Population{\crqq}. The Romany minority is a part of the Czech society. In the population census conducted in 2001, the Romany nationality was claimed by 11 746 persons. However, the actual number of members of the Romany community in the Czech Republic is much larger. The Romany psyche differs from the psyche of the non-Romany population, which results in a different lifestyle. In common life we face various infectious diseases, such as respiratory infections, infections of skin and mucous membranes, blood-borne diseases, alimentary infections, sexually transmitted diseases and many others. Most of diseases endanger not only the majority society but also the Romany minority. However, the different lifestyle and psychological differences may result in higher probability of certain infections in the Romany minority. The objective of this thesis was to identify those infectious diseases and to elaborate an educational plan facilitating reduction of occurrence of the identified infectious diseases in the Romany population. The thesis raised four research objectives and four research issues. The research part of the thesis was implemented by the qualitative research method. The data were collected by the technique of semi-structured interviews based on study of technical literature. The questions are based on conceptual models of M. Gordonová, M. Leiningerová and J. Gigerová {--} R. Davidhizerová. The information obtained in interviews with members of the Romany minority group was processed into casuistics that form the basis for elaboration of categorized tables and charts. Based on the data obtained in interviews, the particular infectious disease which endangers members of the Romany minority group was identified and the educational plan was elaborated for them, supplemented with the educational material which was used for education at the following stage of the research. As the main results we consider identification of three infectious diseases that endanger the Romany population to the largest degree. The thesis provides nurses with recommendations what problems should be focused on in education of the Romany population not only within the Romany community but also in educational institutions. We would like to make the results of the thesis available to the professional public. The output of the thesis is the educational plan and educational material intended for all who work with the Romany community and wish to facilitate improvement of their health state and quality of life.
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Demands put on the nurse during the communication with the aphasic patient
VIDENSKÁ, Magdalena
Aphasia is defined as a systemic speech disorder which is caused by organic brain damage and on different levels it affects the organisation of speech. It is caused bz the damage of the dominant hemisphere associated with tumours, injuries, brain stroke, haemorrhage, meningitis and the like. Aphasia can affect people of all ages. The communication with an aphasic patient is difficult and the demands required from nurses are high. In my work I suggest alternative way of communication which would facilitate and improve the communication of an aphasic patient with other people. My work is based on the methodological handbook ``Pictograms{\crqq} written by Mgr. Kubová. This book deals with using communication picture system {--} pictograms {--} for education and developement of social communicative skills of children and adults with either mental or multiple handicaps, and it is used in many western countries. I decided to provide nurses and aphasic patients with these pictograms. The aim was to help aphasic patients to express their feelings and needs. By using the pictograms I tried to cover the basic human needs {--} the need of bowel movement, the feeling of thirst, pain, cold and so on. After about a three month use of pictograms I asked the nurses to complete a questionnaire and express their opinion on using the pictograms and on the pictograms benefit to the aphasic patients. The research was quantitative. For the data collection I chose the method of a questionnaire. The data obtained are processed in the form of tables and charts. The research group were the nurses who, when working with aphasic patients, were using the pictograms. The research was carried out in the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s., at the Nerve ward and the Follow-up care ward. The Charity Nursing Service in České Budějovice also used the pictograms in home nursing. The best of results with the pictograms were definitely reached in home nursing. 87,5 % of the nurses recommend using pictograms. When filling in the questionnaire the nurses included not only their own experience of using pictograms but also the experience of the family members taking all-day care of their aphasic relatives. The family members were able to say how well the pictograms served their purpose. The pictograms are recommended to be used by 73 % of the nurses of the Nerve ward and 62,5 % of the nurses of the Follow-up care ward. The results say that the pictograms were best used in home nursing aphasic patients. I believe that pictograms will become an important part of the communication with an aphasic patient and that they will be used effectively even though their use is time and patience demanding. The nurse{\crq}s reward is better quality nursing care and happier patients.
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