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Evolutionary processes shaping the genus Urtica L. (Urticaceae) in Europe and adjacent areas
Rejlová, Ludmila ; Chrtek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Koutecký, Petr (referee) ; Temsch, Eva Maria (referee)
Although European flora belongs among the best explored, there are still several marginally studied groups. One striking example is the polyploid complex of Urtica dioica, with multiple rare diploid taxa, which are often found in remote and partly relict geographic ranges, in contrast to cosmopolitan tetraploid individuals, which occur in a variety of synanthropic habitats and have an unknown evolutionary history. The thesis primarily deals with the evolution of diploid taxa recognized in Europe and contiguous areas of Southwest Asia (Urtica dioica subsp. kurdistanica, U. d. subsp. pubescens, U. d. subsp. sondenii, U. d. subsp. subinermis). This can lay the foundation for understanding phylogenetic relationships and revealing the evolutionary history of polyploids (U. d. subsp. dioica). The study also concerns itself with other related species outside of the complex U. dioica, especially from the Mediterranean area. An extensive dataset of 7012 samples from 1317 populations in a cytogeographical study has been analyzed, which covers most of the currently accepted diploid subspecies of U. dioica. From the entire dataset, a set of 279 plants (evenly representing the geographical and morphological variation) was used to estimate the extent of phylogenetic and morphological differentiation. The...
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