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Awareness of the risks of hypertension in humans selected age groups
TROJANOVÁ, Veronika
Arterial hypertension is a lifestyle disease that is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. It is also the most frequent cause of mortality and morbidity in the Czech Republic. Hypertension is often asymptomatic, so that is why it is crucial to communicate the risk factors of high blood pressure to the general public. The diploma thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part defines blood pressure and hypertension and describes the risk factors, examination methods, treatment and complications of high blood pressure. Next, it also focuses on the role of nurses in preventing hypertension, education of patients with hypertension and incidence of hypertension among various age groups. BothCzech and foreign scholarly sources from the field of nursing, medicine, psychology and sociology were used. Three objectives were chosen based on the obtained information. The first objective was to determine whether people in specific age groups are aware of risk factors affecting hypertension. The second objective was to identify whether people in specific age groups are educated on hypertension prevention. The last objective attempted to find out whether adults in specific age groups follow preventive measures. Five research questions were identified following these objectives. The information relating to this issue was obtained through a qualitative research survey. A semi-structured interview was chosen as a data collection method. The research group consisted of 12 general nurses, 16 people without hypertension and 16 patients with hypertension. With the consent of the respondents, the interviews were recorded on recording equipment. If the respondents did not agree with recording, the interviews were noted in record sheets. The interviews were carried out until the responses were saturated. The recorded conversations and the data in the record sheets were subsequently transcribed. The obtained data were coded and divided into categories and subcategories. For the purpose of clarity, these categories were processed into schemas using SmartArt. The final schemas were then described. The results showed that half of the people without hypertension in all age groups were usually informed about the risk factors of hypertension by their general nurse and doctor. The second half of the respondents were never informed about the risk factors of hypertension. Hypertensive patients most often reported that they were informed about the risk factors by their doctor. However, interviews with the general nurses showed that most nurses inform all people about the risk factors of hypertension. According to the nurses, older people need more information that needs to be repeated because they are worse at understanding. The interviews also showed that most nurses participating in the research educate adults about hypertension prevention. However, most of the people not suffering from hypertension as well as hypertensive patients in all age groups indicated that they have never been informed about the prevention of hypertension. Four general nurses stated that patients follow preventive measures. Other nurses said that it depends on the person some people follow these measures or follow them sometimes and some do not follow them at all. I assume that since the interviewed adults, who have been divided into selected age groups, do not have any information about the prevention of hypertension, they cannot follow any preventive measures. The output of the diploma thesis is an educational brochure that can help patients not suffering from hypertension as well as hypertensive patients to understand the aspects of this disease. This brochure can be used by nurses to educate people about the risk factors of hypertension. In addition, this diploma thesis could be used as a study material for students of the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences at the University of South Bohemia.
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The issues of communication of pediatric nurses with the parents of the patients coming from the certain ethnic groups
TROJANOVÁ, Veronika
The aim of this thesis was to find out barriers which occur during the communication of pediatric nurses with the parents of patients belonging to the other ethnic groups and how they deal with these problems. More specifically, it was ethnic Vietnamese, Romany and Ukrainian. The theoretical part deals with the concepts belonging to multicultural nursing, general principles of communication and its forms. It also described three ethnic groups living in the territory of the Czech Republic, together with the characteristics of their specifics in the field of culture, health and communication. The research part of the thesis was divided into three phases. The first phase consisted of interviews with nurses in GP surgery for children and adolescents and nurses working at the peditric department, as well as additional interviews with parents of child patients belonging to another ethnic group which recorded view at the communication from their side. The second phase of the research was concerned with observing the communication of nurses with representatives of ethnic groups in practice. There were three observations in three different GP surgeries for children and adolescents. During this part of the research, there were identified deficiencies that occur in communication. The third stage of the research was built on the basis of these findings. Its aim was to give child nurses recommendations that can make their communication more effective in practice. In conclusion, the nurses were acquainted with the information brochure, which contains information on how to communicate with foreigners. The research has shown that the greatest problem in communication with representatives of other ethnic groups is, according to pediatric nurses, the lack of knowledge of foreign languages, as well as the lack of knowledge about the cultural and communication specificities of the representatives of the Vietnamese, Romany and Ukrainian ethnic groups. It was also found that nurses are very interested in information on multicultural nursing.
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Nursing Care for Tight Bone Fractures in Children up to Five Years of Age
TROJANOVÁ, Veronika
Bachelor thesis deals with the issues of nursing care of children on plaster extension and their hospitalization in paediatric wards. The issue of childhood fractures is still an up-to-date topic as there is not enough literature on nursing care of these children. Children with broken tight bone up to five years of age are mostly treated by conservative methods by means of plaster extension. We set two main goals. The first goal was to find out how a child copes with hospitalization in paediatric ward. The second goal focused on the specifics of nursing care of children up to five years of age with thigh bone fractures hospitalized in paediatric ward. We set four research questions to these goals. The first research question deals with the benefit of hospitalization of a child with thigh bone fracture with his/her mother in paediatric ward. The second research question deals with satisfaction of the needs of a child with thigh bone fracture. The third question asks about the specifics of nursing care of children up to five years of age with thigh bone fracture. The fourth question examines possible complications that might occur in children up to five years of age with thigh bone fracture. Qualitative research by means of semi-structured interview with general nurses and with parents of children on plaster extension was used for elaboration of the bachelor thesis. The interviews were conducted from 16/2/ to 31/3/2013 in two hospitals in Prague and one hospital in Brno. The research sample consisted of six nurses working in paediatric wards and five parents hospitalized in paediatric wards with their children. The data were categorized in a Microsoft Word module and the categories were then commented. Literally transcribed quotations of respondents without linguistic revision can also be found here. The results show how a child copes with hospitalization in paediatric ward and what the nursing care specifics are. The first research question dealt with hospitalization of a child with thigh bone fracture in paediatric ward. We found that children on plaster extension are usually hospitalized with their parents. They cope with the hospitalization well as their parents mostly take care about them. The nurses said that hospitalization with a parent is better for a child as a child is usually used to receiving care from his/her mother or father and is calmer. The second research question asked about the needs of a child on plaster extension. We came to a conclusion that the mother or father usually cares about all the needs of their child. We were particularly interested in the needs for nourishment, hygiene, evacuation and movement. The need for nourishment is satisfied lying down on bed, mostly with a spoon. If a child is fed with breast milk, it is served directly from the breast or from a baby bottle with human milk. Hygiene is also provided in bed by means of a plastic basin and washcloths. As for evacuation we came to the conclusion that children on plaster extension are usually evacuated in bed into napkins. Movement is that children on plaster extension have limited movement and that they mainly do what they can. The third research question examined the specifics of nursing care of a child with plaster extension. We found that extension is adjusted by means of ,,special bandages" and elastic roller bandages. The complete nursing care is provided in lying position in bed. The fourth research question dealt with specific complications that might occur in these children. All the nurses mentioned the possibility of defect occurrence under the plaster. We came to a conclusion that extensive care about leg skin is necessary. This thesis should provide information on plaster extension and subsequent elimination of mistakes that might occur in the care of a child with thigh bone fracture on plaster extension.
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