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The Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Banking Sectors in Central and East European Countries
Ning, Zixi ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Chondrogiannis, Ilias (referee) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
Tento článek zkoumá determinanty nesplácených úvěrů (NPL) napříč 52 komerčními bankami v 11 zemích střední a východní Evropy (CEE), včetně Bulharska, Chorvatska, České republiky, Estonska, Maďarska, Lotyšska, Litvy, Polska, Rumunska, Slovenska, a Slovinsko, v období od roku 2007 do roku 2022. Studie využívá statické i dynamické panelové analýzy dat, využívající fixní efekty, náhodné efekty, jednokrokový systém zobecněné metody momentů (GMM) a dvoukrokové systémové modely GMM k vyhodnocení vliv makroekonomických faktorů a faktorů specifických pro banky na úvěry v selhání. Zjištění ukazují, že růst HDP, míra nezaměstnanosti, indexy cen akcií, návratnost aktiv a rezervy na ztráty z úvěrů významně ovlivňují ukazatele nesplácených úvěrů. Studie zdůvodňuje existující literaturu a zároveň přináší nové poznatky o řízení rizik spojených s nesplácenými úvěry. Poskytuje na důkazech podložená doporučení pro tvůrce politik a komerční banky, zaměřená na zmírnění potenciálních rizik a posílení finanční stability. Výzkum unikátním způsobem kombinuje různé ekonometrické modely a nabízí komplexní vyhodnocení jak makroekonomických dopadů, tak specifických bankovních determinant na ukazatele NPL. Tento široký přístup nejen potvrzuje významný vliv identifikovaných proměnných, ale také zdůrazňuje složité interakce mezi...
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War on Terror: How did war on terrorism change american society and political events?
Sobotka, Tomáš ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
This paper focuses on the social and political background of the American War on Terror policy, specifically on the operation Neptune Spear leading to the targeted killing of Osama bin Laden, one of the leading personas of the terrorist organization Al-Qaeda. The introductory part states the research questions, the hypothesis and methodology and defines the term terrorism. It also outlines the problematics of obtaining relevant sources, since many of them still fall under top secret classification and have never been published. Furthermore, it informs about the historical background of War on Terror, reminds about the events of 11. September 2001 and describes the process of searching for and killing of Osama bin Laden. It also serves as a foreword to the research part. The research part itself then analyzes available source materials related to Neptune Spear. Primary sources include the official statement of the then President Barack Obama, the stance of the government, press conference and comments of Obama's predecessors, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, the original initiator of the War on Terror policy. Next, it analyzes the mood of American society through academic literature, archives of traditional and contemporary media, published articles, public opinion polls and others. The summary...
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Shifts in Voters' Preferences in 2016 in West Virginia
Obleserová, Natálie ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Pondělíček, Jiří (referee)
The theme of the thesis is the change of voters preferences and the impact of the shift of electoral support from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party in the state of West Virginia in the United States of America. The aim of the thesis is to find out what factors led West Virginia voters to change their voting behaviour in the 2016 election and why and based on what factors Donald Trump won. The thesis analyses what social and economic changes in the region had an impact on the victory. The thesis will first describe the political landscape of West Virginia, the cultural and socio-economic context of the electorate, and then it will focus on the populist rhetoric of Donald Trump, applied to West Virginia. The thesis is a case study and is divided into four parts. In the first part, the theory of electoral behavior and the theory of populism is briefly outlined, in the second part, the historical-cultural context of West Virginia, which is important for understanding the electoral mentality of voters, is presented. The third part will describe the historical-political context that serves to better understand party identification of voters and the election results in West Virginia. The last part applies the findings from the previous chapters to the election victory of Donald Trump in 2016.
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The Influence of US Military Units on the Peruvian Communist Movements Sendero Luminoso and MRTA during the Fujimori Era
Božiková, Natália ; Raška, Francis (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis with the name "The Influence of US Military Units on the Peruvian Communist Movements Sendero Luminoso and MRTA during the Fujimori Era" analyze the period between 1990 and 2000, during the government of Alberto Fujimori. It approach the administration of Fujimori from military aspect, especially the influence of the U.S. military and intelligence units on the combat of the insurgents communist groups Sendero Luminoso and Movimiento Revolucionario Tupac Amaru. The thesis aims to examine whether the U.S. military and intelligence supoort had an influence on combating these insurgent groups. The relations and cooperations method between Peruvian and the U.S. military are analyzed. Other aspect of the thesis is examination of the support of the democracy making process in Peru by the U.S. administration. The U.S. policymakers had two main priorities in the Southern hemisphere: counterdrug agenda and democracy promotion. The thesis examines which one of these foreign policy goals was more important for the U.S.
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Contemporary American Conservatism in Historical Perspective: A Comparative Analysis of the Conservative Political Discourse in 1960-1980 and 2011-2020
Sedláčková, Jolana ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
This thesis investigates the indicators of a conservative backlash in presidential campaign discourse by contrasting the conservative rhetoric of 1960-1980 with that of 2011-2020. Grounded in a theoretical framework of Backlash Politics, the thesis examines the rise of conservatism in the 1960s and 1970s and its resurgence in the twenty-first century through the lens of a Critical Discourse Analysis. Through an analysis of conservative presidential candidates' public statements in the periods 1960-1980 and 2011-2020, the thesis explores the resurgence of American conservatism by identifying enduring themes in conservative discourse. The dominant themes in conservative discourse, such as individual liberties, limited government, free market principles, traditional family values, and national security concerns, are scrutinized to identify similarities as well as differences between the 20th and the 21st-century discourse. By examining campaign press releases and statements issued during the presidential campaign by five conservative presidential candidates from each period, the thesis reveals the employed factors of Backlash Politics. The conservative political discourse in 1960-1980 grieved for the return to the founding principles and calls for institutional reshaping to prevent an authoritative...
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Influencing International Relations in the South China Sea Based on the China's Food Policy
Vnouček, Jeroným ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
The South China Sea region is an important area of international events. In this area, the strained relations between China and the neighboring states sharing the given sea and the United States are reflected. Within the framework of the international political discussion, a great deal of attention is directed, for example, to the issue of Taiwan, mineral deposits and international trade. However, not much attention is paid to the importance of marine fisheries for China's expansionist actions, which is the focus of this work. This thesis deals with the question, "How does China's food security affect international relations in the South China Sea?" Using the approach of neo-Malthusian theory, it is possible to monitor the food demands of the Chinese population in the context of food security affected by a degrading environment. Using analysis and subsequent synthesis, sources and information related to food and international relations are examined. The results of the work indicate that China is food-insufficient in the long term and its protein supply is strongly influenced by protein imports, fishing and fish aquaculture production. However, food and especially fish production is strongly affected by the deteriorating environment. In order to satisfy its needs, China chooses actions that violate...
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The Causes of Higher Mortality Rate of African Americans in Case of Overdose During the Third Wave of Opioid Epidemic
Konečná, Kateřina ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
Diploma thesis addresses the topic of the opioid epidemic in the United States and focuses on the causes of the higher rate of overdose deaths among African Americans during the third wave of the epidemic. The opioid epidemic has claimed nearly one million victims since its onset in the late 1990s. In the public sphere, it is often associated with the white part of the population, which was hit the hardest in the early years of the epidemic due to the over- prescription of opioid painkillers. As the epidemic evolved from prescription drugs to illicit drugs such as heroin and fentanyl, its negative impact has spread to the rest of the US population, disproportionately affecting minority African American communities. During the third wave, opioid overdose death rates among African Americans increased disproportionately. This thesis examines the reasons for the higher rate of overdose deaths among African Americans. The thesis argues that African Americans are dying of overdose more because of the criminalization of drug addiction and the unavailability of drug addiction treatment. Based on available studies and academic articles, there is evidence that African Americans are criminalized for drug offenses and crimes more than the rest of the population, and drug addiction treatment is less accessible...
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Critique of the United States in the Work of West German Intellectuals in the Post-War Period
Kropáčková, Kristina ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
This thesis examines postwar criticism of the United States in the writings of four West German intellectuals: Hans Werner Richter, Karl Barth, Ernst von Salomon, and Leo L. Matthias. It views their reflection in the context of the concept of the "third way," the search for an alternative solution to Germany's political and economic heading after World War II, which included a reflection on the United States. The thesis highlights the fact that despite the positive attitude of the political leadership towards the United States, especially in the Westbindung policy of German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, a critical attitude towards the United States can be observed in intellectual circles, both among left and right-wing individuals. The aim of this paper is to identify the extent of this critical debate. Thus, using the methods of intellectual history, the central themes that selected intellectuals have addressed in their critique are successively identified. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first four discuss the relationship of each intellectual to the United States in the period 1945-1955. The fifth chapter summarizes the main findings and compares the differences and similarities in the approaches of the intellectuals examined.
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