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Dopad intenzity hospodaření na přirozené predátory škůdců ovocných dřevin
Surovcová, Martina
Capture of studied organisms was conducted from April to September in 2016, from two representative areas, bio gardens and intensive orchards. All areas are in the district of Vsetín (region of Zlín). Apple trees, pear trees, cherry trees, plum trees were shaken in organic orchards. In intensive orchards were shaken only plum trees. At each site, 10 suitable tree species were chosen as representative, where insects and spiders were shaken. 875 specimens were collected. The largest group in six orchards systems was spiders, which was found 683 specimens. The most frequent group was Philodromus sp., Philodromus albidus, Philodromus dispar, Philodromus cespitum, Nigma flavescens, Phylloneta impressa, Nuctenea umbratica, Anyphaena accentuata. The useful insect in the studied material was 192 specimens. The largest number of spiders were in ecological orchards, with a total of 470 specimens collected, useful organisms were collected in number of 106 specimens, from which the largest number was from the family Coccinellidae 54 specimens. In addition, about 30 specimens were collected from the family Formicidae and Anthrocoridae. In intensive orchards the spider abundance was lower 214 specimens were collected. Useful organisms the appeared in smaller numbers and were collected 86 specimens. The most numerous families were Coccinellidae (38 specimens). It can be concluded from the results that in organic orchards with a heterogeneous tree species, species diversity is much higher than in more intensive crops, where species diversity and abundance have a decreasing tendency with a significantly weaker overall diversity of natural antagonists. The results of this research applied on fruit trees in orchards can also be related to parks, gardens, or arboretums and other public greenery, because in these biotopes there is generally a considerable species diversity of spiders and antagonists of the class of insects, which is, however, prone to various interventions and intensity economy. This may impair their functional significance in terms of biological control of pests.
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