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Effect of elevated CO2 concentration and nitrogen nutrition on mais response to short-term high temperature and drought stress
Simor, J. ; Klem, Karel
Within an experiment conducted in open top chambers in which two mais genotypes differing in stay-green trait were cultivated under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (EC) in comparison\nwith ambient CO2 concentration (AC), and in two contrast levels of nitrogen nutrition, the effect of acclimation to these factors on photosynthetic performance and water use efficiency, and subsequent response to short-term high temperature and drought stress was studied. Although EC improved water use efficiency, this effect did not alleviate the response to drought stress, and under some combinations of factors even led to a decrease in CO2 assimilation rate under drought stress. Differences in the stay- green trait between genotypes did not have a major effect on the response to high temperature and drought stress. Differences between genotypes were manifested mainly in the interaction with nitrogen nutrition, while in the Korynt genotype, non fertilised variants showed a lower response of CO2 assimilation rate to drought. Slight alleviating effect of higher nitrogen dose was found under EC conditions, while no nitrogen fertilisation rather increased drought resilience under AC conditions.
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Interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration, drought and nitrogen nutrition on malting quality of spring barley
Simor, J. ; Klem, Karel ; Psota, V.
Elevated CO2 concentration [EC] generally leads to increased rates of photosynthesis, increased formation of assimilates and finally to storing them in the grain. Increased storage of starch in the grain, however, leads to an unbalanced proportion to the proteins, and their relative content decreases. This is particularly apparent in the conditions of nitrogen deficiency. The interactive effects of EC, nitrogen nutrition and reduced water availability are, however, not yet sufficiently understood. Within the manipulation experiment in open top chambers (Domaninek near Bystrice nad Pernstejnem) that allow simulation of EC (expected by the end of this century 700 ppm) and drought, the effect of these interactions on protein content, and other quality parameters of spring barley grain was studied. EC reduced grain protein content, increased extract, Kolbach index and also summary Malting quality index. Such effect was more pronounced under higher nitrogen dose, which generally worsened malting quality parameters. Reduced water availability slightly enhanced all malting quality parameters and also showed slight synergistic effect to EC. No clear interactive effects on malting quality were found for nitrogen nutrition and water availability.
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Analýza systému hospodárenia so zameraním na rastlinnú výrobu v podmienkach rodinnej farmy
Šimor, Ján
Diploma thesis is focused on 3 main parts – SWOT analyse of company, calculation of organic matter nutrients balance and overall nutrients balance, and economic assessment of crops growing technologies. Grown crops are rapeseed, winter wheat, hard (durum) wheat, spring barley, corn, soybean and sugarbeet. Organic matter nutrient balance is based on values of crop residues, which were measured for bachelor thesis experiment. This balance is a part of overall nutrients balance of grown crops. In comparison of calculated real nutrient normative has been found that company uses too much nitrogen fertilizer especially for rapeseed fertilization and deficiently uses phosphoric fertilizer in major of its area. In the evaluation of growing technologies, the biggest gross margin was calculated for hard wheat grown in 2016/17, 555,15 €.ha-1. The lowest value of gross margin was calculated for rapeseed growing in 2016/17, - 226,27 €.ha-1. In total assessment of tracked growing years, the company was not in a loss. The biggest yield was calculated for growing year 2015/16, 129 082,40 €.
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Analýza bilance organické hmoty v zemědělském podniku
Šimor, Ján
This bachelor thesis is focused on the determination and analysis of organic matter balance in soil after crop´s harvest. An experiment was realized at conditions of agricultural enterprise Agrosystém spol. s r.o., Dolné Voderady, which is located at west of Slovakia, in the region of Piešťany. Evaluation of crop residues and grains (resp. beet roots) were gathered from winter wheat, spring barley, oil-seed rape, corn and sugarbeet. All the information was statistically assessed, compared with a special literature and dated into tables and graphs. Based on the results we found out, that average amount of organic matter is 5.38 t dry matter.ha-1. This amount is sufficient because at 1 hectar of soil is decomposed 3.5 - 4.5 t dry matter of organic matter annually. Among of grown crops, the biggest amount of crop residues is given by corn 7.557 t dry matter.ha-1. In next chapter of the results were calculated harvest indexes. Among of the grown crops, the highest harvest index was calculated at sugarbeet 0.808. Among of the grown cereals, the highest harvest index was calculated at spring barley 0.728.
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