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Stav organické hmoty v půdě jako indikátor dopadu různých způsobů hospodaření v zemědělské krajině
Severová, Kristýna
The thesis is evaluated of the impact of agrotechnical factors (crop rotation, soil tillage, organic amendment) in the total amount of oxidizable carbon Cox (%). Monitoring proceeded of two log-term stationary fields experiment on alluvial lucian chernozem in a sugar-beet production region. In the first experiment, which took place in 1989 to 2007 was evaluated the impact of two crop rotations (with 33,3 % and 66,6% concetration of cereals) and four methods soil tillage into winter wheat, spring barely and sugar beet. For winter wheat and spring barley, the following soil tillage options were included: 1 - ploughing at depth of 0,22 m; 2 - ploughing at depth of 0,15 m; 3 - direct seed into unprocessed soil and 4 - shallow barking at 0,10 m. In sugar beet, the variants were: 1 - ploughing at depth of 0,28 m; 2 - ploughing at depth of 0,22 m + barking at 0,40 - 0,45 m; 3 - ploughing at depth of 0,28 m + sowing into intercrop; 4 - ploughing at depth of 0,22 m + sowing into intercrop. In the second experiment which took place in 1977 to 2017 was evaluated the impact of organic amendment on monoculture cereal cultivation (alternating winter wheat and spring barley). Three variants of organic amendment were included: 1 - straw harvest, 2 - straw harvest and green manuring and 3 - straw incorporation. Measurement of Cox content in 2017 was provided in the first and second experiment at the spring barley. The impact of crop rotation on the Cox content was statistically significant. Higher Cox content was recorded in crop rotation with 33, 3 % concetration of cereals (1,71 %), lower in crop rotation with 66,6 % concetration of cereals (1,62 %). The impact of soil tillage on the Cox was statistically significant. The highest value (1,70 %) was recorded for variant 2 (with ploughing at depth of 0,15 m in cereals + ploughing at depth of 0,22 m + barking at 0,40 - 0,45 m in sugar beet) and the lowest (1,62 %) for variant 3 (direct seed into unprocessed soil in cereals + ploughing at depth of 0,28 m + sowing into intercrop in sugar beet). Variants 1 and 4 were in the middle position. The impact in the depth of sampling on the Cox was statistically significant. The highest value was found at depth of sampling 0,10 – 0,20 m (1,72 %) and the lowest in the depth of sampling 0,20 – 0,30 m (1,59 %). In the second experiment, the effect of organic amendment on the Cox was statistically significant. The highest value was found in variant 2 with intercrop and green manuring (2,01 %) and the lowest on variant 1 with straw harvest (1,87 %). With the depth of sampling, content Cox dropped.
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