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Fyzikální a biologické ošetření osiva jako alternativa za chemické moření
STREJČKOVÁ, Monika
The dissertation is focused on the findings, whether it is combination of physical and biological seed treatment for selected field crops (oilseed rape, spring barley) comparable with chemical treatment. Evaluated the effectiveness of the physical seed treatment, low temperature plasma (Gliding Arc, microwave), a biological treatment culture mycoparasitic of the fungus Trichoderma virens and culture entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. In the context of experiments in laboratory conditions, was evaluated the effect of treatment on the evolution grains (the seeds), the percentage of germination grains (the seeds) and the percentage of healthy grains (the seeds). Individual plasma treatment in combination with biological treatment had a significant positive effect on the germination rate of grains (the seeds).There was no negative effect of physical and biological treatments on the grains (seeds). Involved the evaluation of emergence of the treated seed in laboratory and field conditions. In the field conditions for the selected crops in different localities and in different years, was assessed the effect of treatment on the development of the crop health and yield parameters. Plasma and plasma with T. virens treatments positively affected by the model of the plant better integration of crops, the length of the cob, (shell) and yield. The combined adjustment should in oilseed rape positive effect on the faster development of the spring, the length and strength of the root, earlier flowering and ripening. In contrast, the combined adjustment for barley spring positively influenced the emergence and tillering. According to the obtained results it seems that the combined physical and biological seed treatment is an effective alternative to the chemical treatment of seeds.
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Induction of suppressive soil by introduction of mycoparasitic fungi against important plant pathogens
STREJČKOVÁ, Monika
This M. Sc. thesis is based on using of mycoparasitic fungi Trichoderma virens, Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata in biological control against phytopathogenic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium solani. The efficacy of mycoparasitic fungi against pathogens was evaluated in dual cultural tests. The strains of T. virens and C. rosea f. catenulata isolated from soils in the Czech Republic were tested in the experiment. Reference strain was GL 21 fungus T. virens reisolated from commercially available bio-preparation SoilGard and strain C. rosea f. catenulata reisolated from Prestop Mix. All the strains were tested for biological and production properties. All strains are able to colonize the substrate and to suppress the growth and development of pathogens. Strain GL 21 of T. virens was used for seed coating of variety Scirocco in combination with products Guar gum and Carboxymethyl cellulose, which served as a carrier for stick on conidia. After 3 days, the effect of fungus T. virens was evaluated on energy of germination, development of roots of grain. The grain health was determined after 7 days. The fungus T. virens has a positive effect on the grains germination and grain health. During the vegetation the influence of seed coating by T. virens was observed on growth and development of spring wheat. The parameters such as number of plants per m2, tiller numbers, plants health, stand height, number of grains in the spike and thousand grain weight (TGW) were evaluated. During the vegetation the fungus T. virens has positive effect on the plant height.
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Stady of apple proliferation phytoplasma diversity in the Czech Republic.
STREJČKOVÁ, Monika
Phytoplasmas are prokaryote organisms of the Mollicutes class. So far they have been described on more than 800 plant species. Apple proliferation phytoplasma, which classifies in the ribosomal subgroup 16Sr X-A (Apple proliferation, AP, ?Candidatus Phytoplasma mali?), belongs amongst the agriculturally most important phytoplasmas. AP is considered a quarantine organism in Europe and in North America. Common symptoms caused by AP are as follows: notably enlarged stipules, which are morphologically like real leaves ? they have petiole and lamina; the edge of the stipules is irregularly dentate small fruits with fewer seeds and reduced flavour quality premature reddening of leaves, witches' broom appearance, abnormal growth of shoots in the autumn, repeated blossoming DNA isolated from trees suspected to have AP present was tested in the presented thesis. The trees originated from the gene pool, mass production planting as well as from planting of small producers. To detect phytoplasma, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used with the subsequent analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). To detect and differentiate AP phytoplasma subtypes, direct PCR with primers rpAP15f/rpAP15r amplifying the DNA of ribosomal proteins rpS3 and rpl 22 with subsequent restriction breakdown by AluI enzyme.
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