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Analysis of occurrences of selected zoonoses in South Bohemian region
SOUMAROVÁ, Michaela
This diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of six selected zoonoses with the occurrence in South Bohemia (campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, listeriosis, tick-borne meningoencephalitis, Lyme borreliosis, tularemia) between the years 2003-2013. Campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis were evaluated the most common zoonoses in the South Bohemian Region during the monitored period. Their common feature is the alimentary transmission. Between 2003 to 2008 salmonellosis recorded the highest number of reported cases, on the contrary, campylobacteriosis has reported the highest number of occurrences since 2008. District of Czech Budweis showed the highest incidence of both zoonoses during the monitored period (4,139 cases of salmonellosis and 4,924 cases of campylobacteriosis). Another but not less important zoonotic is tick-borne meningoencephalitis, which incidence had the highest number in South Bohemian Region of all the regions of Czech Republic. The second part of the thesis is based on questionnaire studies focused on awareness of zoonoses and the issue of resistance and overuse of antibiotics. In total 479 questionnaires were evaluated. The survey findings may be equally described as interesting and positive, since the respondents had considerable awareness of the issue of antibiotic resistance.
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Current problems of zoonoses in the Czech Republic and the risks associated with them
SOUMAROVÁ, Michaela
Both wild and domestic animals can be the source of severe infections, such as the viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic human infections, that are called zoonoses. Zoonoses are infections being transmitted naturally among the animals and people in a direct or indirect way. Currently there are more than 200 known zoonoses. Within the Czech Republic, the most frequent zoonotic diseases are campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, listeriosis, Lyme disease, tick-borne meningoencephalitis, tularemia, ornithosis, toxoplasmosis, and leptospirosis. Some zoonoses have already been eradicated from our territory (brucellosis, rabies). Immunosuppressed individuals belong to the main vulnerability group. Due to the changes of climate conditions and travelling to exotic countries, the diseases previously unrecognized in our conditions occur. Actual problem is represented by the increasing resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. Monitoring is a tool for the assessment of zoonoses and their prevalence and sources, as well as for the determining the level of their risks. In the Czech Republic monitoring is provided by the veterinary administration.
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