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Trading of an exporting company in euro currency, minimizing the costs of payments and accounting
SMOLENOVÁ, Lenka
The aim of this thesis is to identify the problem areas of trading in euro, while focusing on search for options of reducing costs related to euro account management and business transactions in an exporting company. In the theoretical part, various risks of international business are explained. The next chapter focuses on the foreign exchange risk management, followed by a chapter dedicated to hedging against the exchange rate risk, especially forwards, futures, swaps and options. In the conclusion of the literary review, the accounting of financial derivates and foreign exchange differences is listed. In the practical part of the thesis, data from a specific company with object in sewing textile products are used. This company exports its products in the European Union countries; therefore, the invoiced currency is euro. The company is assessed from a general point of view, with remarking the descending trend in the number of its employees, and using data from income statements. Further assessment of the company was done using benchmark, when the company was compared to four other companies with the same object, located in South Bohemia. The company placed fourth. Furthermore, the risks connected to the international business of the company ABC, a.s., are identified, with measures being suggested which could eliminate these risks and reduce costs related to the fact that the company is export-oriented. The next chapter is focused on the survey of bank institutions and exchange rate companies and, as a consequence, on analysis which options could be offered to the ABC, a.s., company and what are the costs related to these products. To reduce the payment costs in the ABC, a.s., company, two alternatives are suggested. In case the company manager is risk-aversive, the option of a well-established bank institution is offered. In the second case, when the manager is a risk-taker and would opt for a more profitable exchange rate, the foreign currency company would probably be the choice. Since the company does not hedge against the foreign exchange risk, the currency forward is suggested as the hedging instrument. In conclusion, the way how to account such currency forward is stated. This means that this thesis will in fact serve as an internal directive draft for accounting forward, to be used in practice.
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