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Posouzení stavu a návrh optimalizace technologie neutralizační stanice ČOV v provozovně Prym Consumer CZ s.r.o.
SKUHROVEC, Tomáš
The bachelor thesis is focused on the issue of wastewater treatment generated from the inter-operation and final processes of electroplating. In the theoretical part, the reader gets acquainted with the current legislation in the field of wastewater treatment, which must be considered when we deal with water management. In connection with the influence of the mentioned production operations on the formation of hazardous waste of gaseous, solid and liquid state thegreat emphasis is placed on the categorization of waste water according to the type of harmful substances and the technique of their processing in the system of divided water management. The most important chemical or mechanical cleaning procedures are explained in this thesis, conditioned by the specific composition of the waste water where the knowledge is very necessary. Treatise on minimizing the production of waste from individual galvanic and associated production operations is attached for a possible suggestionof optimizing the operation of a wastewater treatment plant. From an economic and ecological point of view, it is equally important to pay attention to both wastewater treatment and the processes in which they are generated. In this area, optimization interventions are often more effective than at their own wastewater treatment plant. The practical part deals with the assessment of the efficiency of cleaning the internal wastewater treatment plant in the company called PRYM CONSUMER CZ s.r.o. The assessment was based on the theoretical basis of available cleaning techniques, local investigation and chemical analysis of wastewater. The operation of a galvanic line with a narrow focus on a two-stage economic rinse required a special approach. The bulk of the economic rinse was destined for disposal during the local investigation. This non-standard procedure significantly increases the level of wastewater pollution. The technological balance calculation of the recovery of the economic rinse was carried out in its whole volume based on the results of the chemical analysis. The material balance assessed possible benefits in the surface treatment workshop and the internal wastewater treatment plant. Subsequently, the design of the solution for the return of the economic rinsing to the galvanic bath was carried out. Despite the increased material load, the neutralization station achieved good cleaning efficiencies during the 2017-2018 period. The average concentration of Ni2+ ion was 0.059 ? 0.03 mg.1-1, F- = 6.5 ? 4.1 mg.l-1, NL = 3.5 ? 1.9 mg.l-1 and a pH of 9.04 ? 0.4. In the control profile of the neutralization station, the contractually agreed pollution limit values were not exceeded. Additional analysis of RAS did not comply with the sewerage regulations in two cases, namely by 10 mg.l-1 (March 17, 2017) and 650 mg.l-1 (September 1, 2017), the average concentration was 1792.5 ? 404.7 mg.l-1. The results were consistent with the suggested wastewater treatment technology and technique. From the balance calculation was found out that the gradual return of the two-stage economic rinsing to the galvanic bath reduces the annual production of RAS 1,037 kg. The total annual production of sludge will decrease 3,754.6 kg and the total annual operating costs of the galvanic line will decrease CZK 178,590. The results of this work will be used by PRYM CONSUMER CZ s.r.o. in the Optimization of Neutralization Plant Operations Savings Project.
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Biology and ecology of invasive species bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica
SKUHROVEC, Tomáš
Biology and ecology of invasive species bryozoan Pectinatella magnifica The aim of this bachelor theses is to create a literary overview containing available information about biology and ecology of the species Pectinatella magnifica. This invasive bryozoan originates from North America. Its occurrence in the Czech Republic was first recorded in the 30s of the twentieth century around the rivers Labe and Vltava. However its first massive presence was reported in the year 2003 in the sand pit Cep in the national protected landscape area Třeboňsko. From the reservoir Cep, it spread into other locations (sand pits Cep I, Vlkov, Veselí, Veselí I., Horusice and into ponds Hejtman, Nový Kanclíř, Staňkovský and Podřezaný, where it found suitable conditions for its life. It can be found in other locations in the Czech Republic as well, but its occurrence does not reach such big amounts. Outside our country it can be found in other European states and in some Asian countries. Pectinatella magnifica is a colonial fresh water animal preferring asexual reproduction. The colonies have yellow and brown colour, a structure of a hard gelatine and a spherical or oblong shape. Pectinatella magnifica is an effective filter feeding invertebrate, its diet consists of phytoplankton, especially diatoms. The most significant ecological factor effecting its seasonal dynamics is the temperature, as it is a thermophilic species preferring the optimal temperature of 20°C. If the temperature sinks bellow 20°C, the colonies start to decline and the hibernating units, called statoblasts, are released. Pectinatella magnifica tends to occur in slightly alkaline fresh water with a lower conductivity (bellow 200 S.cm-1). Regarding the trophy, water, qualified from oligotrophic to mesotrophic, is suitable for Pectinatella magnifica. It is found especially on submerged branches and on driftwood in the areas of river banks. Within this species, the association with other water animals has been proved, for example with small crustaceans and snails. In the cavity of coelom, the sexual evolution of parasitic species Trichonosema and Tetracapsula has been proved, these species represent a group of significant parasites of salmonids. To be able to estimate and describe the influence of this species, recently spreading in biotopes, which it inhabits, it is necessary to get acquainted with its biology.
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