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Widowhood and Orphanhood in the Rural Society. The Domain of Nový Rychnov, 1785-1855
SKOŘEPOVÁ, Markéta
The thesis Widowhood and Orphanhood in the Rural Society. The Domain of Nový Rychnov, 1785-1855 deals with the incomplete families in the rural society at the end of the 18th and during the first half of the 19th centuries. The fundamental database of widowers, widows and orphans was based on the parish registers, land registers, testaments and listings of confesion. The thesis draws upon methodological postulates of historical demography, history of the family, social history and microhistory. The research concentrates on the widowed persons and orphaned children under the age of twenty. The contemporary legal norms and discourse are took into consideration. The close attention is paid to the inheritance practice and to the personal and family strategies in connection with the transfers of family property. The position of orphaned children, their living conditions and perspectives are percieved as a crutial point of the present research.
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The book of contracts of the domain Nový Rychnov 1799-1831
SKOŘEPOVÁ, Markéta
The book of contracts of the domain Nový Rychnov 1799 {--} 1831 The bachelor essay is an edition of one volume of land registers of domain Nový Rychnov. It was led in 1799-1831 and can be called by the termin {\clq}qbook of documents.`` There are many types of records in this book, especially wedding contracts, inheritance, contracts about property transactions and debts. The introduction deals with patrimonial administration in the end of the 18th and first half of 19th century and recapitulates the history of the land registers. The attention is concentrated on the analysis of the system of land registers of the domain Nový Rychnov and placing the book of contracts into this system. The next chapter dwells of components records, which have been made into the dealing book. Great emphasis is stressed on problem of emergence of the different types of records, on comparison with dossiers and on the problem of compatibility the book of contracts with other types of sources. The proper edition is perfected by footnotes, and name, subject and place index nad with other supplements. The aim of bachelor essay is substantiate the importance of land registers of the 19th century and significance and contents of their records and refer to wide possibilities of their explotation.
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Rural widows and their position within family and social structures. The situation of domain Nový Rychnov in the first half of the 19th century
SKOŘEPOVÁ, Markéta
The essay deals with the position of widows in the rural society using the example of the domain of Nový Rychnov. It is based on the research of the local sources like parish registers, listings of confesion, land registers, wedding contracts, testaments. As a main methodological basis is used microhistory. The introduction deals with situation of widows on the ground of demographic statistic and in the context of laws. The question women´s position in the rural family and reflection of widowhood by the then society was not disregarded. The attention was concentrated on the way, which particular rural widows resolved situation after their husbands´ death. There were four possibilities in face of widowed women: new marriage, independent leading of farm, retirement and position of inmate. The situation of woman can be changed during her life. This four alternatives is the basis of the following analysis. Particular chapters at first summarize results of research up to now and previous statistical analyses, which have addressed several questions about widows on a general level. Next, the great care is dedicated to concrete examples. The analysis have showed existence of conscious strategies on the part of widowed women. There were usually more possibilities for a widowed woman. Rural women were able to deal with their husbands´ death, assess their current family, financial and legal standing and make a decision based on this assessment. The advance of widowed women always depended on their individual situation and circumstances. The aim of present study is the question, why women opted different types of conclusion their situation. In examining the lives of the widows, one can identify both certain stereotypes, as well as individual strategies. The problem of rural widows cannot be simplified on the result of analysis and demands detailed analysis. The aim of essay is to show, that there were many differencies between widows and their deals.
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The Household Structure in the Rural Society in the first half of the 19th Century
SKOŘEPOVÁ, Markéta
The bachelor essay deals with the topic of the rural family structure in the first half of the 19th century on the example of the village Nový Rychnov, which was a rural society with the distinguished portion of the domestic manufacturing. The 19th century is named the period of the {\clqq}demographic revolution``. It is characterized by changes in the way of the production, the processes of proto-industrialisation and industrialisation are incoming. This economic transformation is related to changes in the family structure. The essay is based on the research of the listings of confession which notices the developement of the households in 1833-1855. Personal data were completed with parish registers. As a methodical basis was used family reconstitution, the problems were analysed by using microhistorical method. The first chapter recaps literature and sources for the topic, and describes the locality. The second part of the essay analysing demographic developement of Nový Rychnov exposed the main aspect of the local population. The social and professional classification of the inhabitants was not forgotten. The main attention was concentrated on analysis of the household structure. The author engaged in families of the householders using Peter Laslett´s classification. As the next step the problems of the lodgings and service were analysed. The analyse showed a quick transformation of the household structure related to increasing number of the simply family nuclei and to reducing their family size. This change was doubtless connected with transformation of the economic behaviour of the people and with conversion of their mentality.
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