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The tale of volcanic rocks. Assessing the grinding stones and their chaîne opératoire in 2nd millennium Western Anatolia
Doležalová, Kristina ; Pavúk, Peter (advisor) ; Roosevelt, Christopher (referee) ; Schwall, Christoph (referee)
The thesis examines grinding stones from the Anatolian Bronze Age site of Kaymakçı. It aims to reconstruct their chaîne opératoire and to place the new findings in the frame of Western Anatolia in the 2nd Millennium BC. The general processing of the assemblage included morphological, geological, use-wear and spatial study of the assemblage in the context of the settlement. The various aspects of the grinding stones chaîne opératoire identified at Kaymakçı were then compared with two published grinding stone assemblages from Western Anatolia (Aphrodisias and Troy) to identify their repeating patterns for the Bronze Age. The grinding stone assemblage from Kaymakçı revealed that these artifacts played an important role in everyday life, as well as in trans-regional contacts and trade. While activities related to their use, reuse and disposal have been well attested, raw material extraction and production were not documented so far. As shown by the provenance analysis, people were willing to invest a lot of time and energy to transport them. A certain degree of specialization of production can also be assumed, which is indirectly evidenced by the standardization of the upper grinding stone shapes. These tools were skillfully shaped and enhanced with ergonomic adjustments suitable for comfortable...
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Zoomorphic appliques on Western Anatolian pottery in the second millennium BCE in a wider geographical and cultural context
Bobik, Ján ; Pavúk, Peter (advisor) ; Roosevelt, Christopher (referee)
This work aims to collect, describe, and classify zoomorphic plastic decorations on pottery of West Anatolia in the second millennium B.C.E. The comparison with the neighbouring regions of the Aegean and Central Anatolia, both with rich visual culture, makes clear the almost complete absence of figurative art in West Anatolia. This gap in the imaginary can be potentially filled with zoomorphic plastic decorations on pottery. These decorations occur in surprising quantities, various forms, and on a number of sites in West Anatolia. The first part of the thesis describes their development, geographical distribution, and ware association, with seven individual types of decoration identified. The second part the thesis examines the local trends of zoomorphic decorations within seven geographical groups, which emerged from the study, with Troy and Kaymakçı serving as two main case studies. In the next step, the collected West Anatolian evidence is compared to zoomorphic decorations in the surrounding regions of Central Anatolia and Mycenaean Greece, as well as to Apennine Peninsula. The thesis highlights similarities between these regions and evaluates them in terms of connections between West Anatolia and the individual regions. Last part of the thesis evaluates the gained results and discusses the...
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