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Os cordis in mammals
Macháčková, Eliška ; Robovský, Jan (advisor) ; Pyszko, Martin (referee)
This thesis focuses on the study of the os cordis, a specific anatomical structure located in the region of the fibrous trigones of the heart muscleIt serves with a high probability as mechanical support for the aorta and atrioventricular valves during the cardiac cycle. As part of the work, the os cordis was analyzed using computed tomography (CT) on a quite large taxa sampling of hearts of various species, obtained mainly in cooperation with Czech zoological gardens. This study also includes a review of published literature. All data obtained from our own research and from literary sources, were subsequently subjected to statistical and phylogenetic analyses in order to identify relationships between the investigated parameters. Considering detected correlations, we could recommned to collect at least these data in future studies: heart weight, volume and density of os cordis. Reconstructions of os cordis evolution detected quite complex evolution of this heterotypic bone. Until now, no study has been published including such an extensive dataset of samples in combination with the use of modern radiological techniques, and therefore this work brings perhaps new perspectives to the issue of the os cordis and thus contributes to the expansion of knowledge about this interesting anatomical...
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Morphological differences between the skulls of lions (Panthera leo) and tigers (Panthera tigris)
Šádková, Jolana ; Formanová, Dominika (advisor) ; Pyszko, Martin (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate possibilities of morphological differentiation of skulls of lions (Panthera leo) and tigers (Panthera tigris) for the purposes of control authorities supervising a trade with endangered species protected by CITES. Tiger skeletons are one of the black markets highly lucrative and plentifully traded goods. Tiger skeletons might be easily exchanged for those of the lions, therefore their distinction is crucially needed for the control authorities. Therefore, a literature search on the morphological differences between the skulls of these two large felids with a focus on non-metric features was carried out. The results of the study show a possibility of distinction between lion and tiger skulls, though different identification features are shown among studied papers. Morphological differences and characteristics of individual subspecies or populations, as well as differences between the sexes and differences caused by specific conditions during ontogenetic development (such as captive breeding) are discussed. The results of the bachelor's thesis suggest a high reliability of species identification by simultaneous usage of multiple morphological characteristics of skulls. However, this conclusion should still be verified by empirical examination of selected...
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Typology and teeth determination of selected mammalian species
Černá, Adéla ; Říhová, Pavla (advisor) ; Pyszko, Martin (referee)
In this bachelor's thesis I am dealing with mammalian teeth. I have focused mainly on the teeth of certain species that are endangered and for which significant levels of illegal trade have been recorded. In selecting the species I focus on, I base my thesis on the analysis of data from the EU-TWIX and CITES Trade Database, which is compiled at the Environmental Forensic Sciences at the Faculty of Science, Charles University. The most endangered species traded include felines, canids and ursids. In this thesis, I mention how teeth can be identified, what an ideal tooth should look like, I describe what a tooth is made of, why teeth are traded at all, what they are used for, and how individual teeth can be confused with other mammal species. I also mention the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CITES. For this research I have largely used articles from abroad, available on the Web of science. Key words: teeth, mammals, determination
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