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Toxicity of nanotextiles as respirators waste to Daphnia Magna
Slaný, Jan ; Roupcová, Petra ; Pavlovský, Jiří ; Klouda, Karel
In recent years, the prevalence of nanotubes has increased due to the covid-19 disease situation worldwide. Nanotextiles are used in the form of face masks and respirators, which are a source of environmental pollution by nanoparticles. The aim of this paper is to perform ecotoxicological tests according to European standards and Czech legislation. First, non-woven fabrics are briefly described and a small planktonic crustacean (Daphnia magna S.) is introduced. The second part focuses on the experiments themselves and their results. In all cases, the nanotextiles tested did not have a toxic effect on the organisms, but a reaction could be observed. Further tests will be carried out to explain and clarify the effects.
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The problematics of identification and quantification of microplastics in soils
Polachová, Tereza ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis summarizes the current findings on the presence, behavior and analysis of microplastics in soils. The most common method for analyzing microplastics in soils is FTIR spectroscopy. However, summaries of findings and results of published research indicate insufficient standardization of sampling, purification and handling of samples. The aim was to create a mathematical model for the quantification of PET in mixtures of standard soils and PET, which was subsequently verified on mixtures of PET in different real soils. The result is a model which should be universal for the quantitative analysis of PET in standard and real soils, with low and high PET concentration. Models were created for the following wavenumbers 2965.80 cm-1; 1739.99 cm-1; 1299.85 cm-1 and 1135.31 cm-1. The correlation coefficients R2 for individual wavenumbers were: 0.9606; 0.9141; 0.9360 and 0.8879.
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Assessment of contamination in selected locations of Valašské Meziříčí
Dunajská, Sabina ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis deals with soil contamination caused by heavy metals in the region of Valašské Meziříčí. The metals analysed were cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead, zinc. Metals were determined in 34 samples. The analyses were performed using AMA-254 and AAS methods. Contamination indices were used to assess the contaminated sites and health risks were also assessed.
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Evaluation of ecotoxicity of selected chemicals with using algal test.
Kosárová, Hedvika ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the ecotoxicity of 2 - [(2,6-dichlorophenyl)aniline] benzene acetic acid (diclofenac), ?-methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl) benzene acetic acid (ibuprofen) and mixture of cadmium and diclofenac and studies the above using algal toxicity test in accordance with ISO 8692. The theoretical part describes the issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment, and characteristics of standards algae tests and alternative tests. Freshwater green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus were used as testing organisms in all the implemented algal toxicity tests. By the means of these tests, the IrC50 values for the standard substance potassium dichromate, the drugs diclofenac and ibuprofen and cadmium were determined. The toxicity of cadmium in mixture with diclofenac was also evaluated.
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Use of pollution indices for evaluation of soil contamination
Čmelíková, Dorota ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis focuses on heavy metal contamination of soil and the use of pollution indices for its evaluation. Two regions were selected for assessment and comparison. The chosen heavy metals were mercury, zinc, copper, lead and cadmium. These heavy metals were analysed in 15 samples from Kyjov nad 15 samples from Ostrava. Methods of analysis were AMA-254 and FAAS. The established concentrations were used to calculate pollution indices and for health risk assessment. Pollution in Kyjov was assessed as low to medium without any health risks. Ostrava region was assessed as moderately to highly polluted with a low health risk, especially for children.
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FTIR analysis of soils containing plastics and microplastics
Sinčáková, Lenka ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the sources of microplastics in soils, their potential toxicity for men as well as the environment and soil-plastic interaction. It provides an overview of methods that are commonly used for qualitative and quantitative characterisation of microplastics in soils with focus on FTIR spectrometry. In the experimental part, real soil samples were evaluated with the use of ATR-FTIR based on model soils-microplastics mixtures calibrations. Vaidation models for model mixtures and carbon content were also evaluated.
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Interactions between microplastics and heavy metals in the aquatic environment
Ottová, Michaela ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the adsorption of heavy metal ions on the microplastic. Specifically, lead, chromium, zinc, copper, mercury and polyethylene terephthalate was chosen as the plastic representative. Atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS, AMA) and FTIR with method ATR were used for the analysis. The aim of this work was to perform selected adsorption experiments, to determine the adsorption kinetics and the maximum amount adsorbed. Subsequently, the most suitable kinetic and isothermal model was determined for each element and the characteristic parameters were calculated.
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Assessment of soils using pollution indices
Satola, Ondřej ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
Subject of this diploma thesis is analysis of selected heavy metals in soils which are exposed to long-time cause of contaminants from metallurgical industry in localities Třinec and Ostrava. For assessment of the contamination, indexes for evaluation of soils were chosen. Those indexes are focusing mainly on rate of enrichment of the soils by selected heavy metals and resulting ecological and possibly health risk for human organism. Within every location, 26 samples were extracted, while every sample extract location, were selected to map the level of pollution around metallurgical plants in the most complex way. The analysis of the samples was done by techniques F-AAS and AMA 254 and established metals were mercury, lead, copper, chrome, nickel, manganese and zinc.
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Presence of heavy metals near the way Rudná
Chovanec, Petr ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
These diploma thesis is focused on assessment of hazardous metals in soils near the road Rudná in Ostrava. Seventeen sampling sites have been chosen along this road, samples from this sites were collected in three series. The amounts of mercury, lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, vanadium and manganese were determined. There was also assessed contamination of selected sites using contamination factor and degree of contamination.
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