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Vliv změny stravovacího režimu na vybrané ukazatele mikrobiomu lidského trávicího traktu
Patloka, Ondřej
The literature review of this thesis discusses the intestinal microbiome of the human gastrointestinal tract. The main attention is paid to the chapters on the development of the intestinal microflora within the life stages of a person, the importance of the microbiota in terms of metabolism and influencing the health of the host, and the influence of the way of eating in terms of the intake of basic nutrients and specific food components of the diet, which can change the bacterial diversity and composition of the intestinal microflora. In the practical part, a microbiological analysis of the fecal microflora of six individuals (n=6) who underwent a weight reduction course was performed. During the experiment, 3 microbiological analyzes of the stool of the probands were performed within the monitored period, i.e. (at the beginning of the weight reduction course, at its end and in the period after the end of the weight reduction course). Microbiological analysis was performed by the plate method, where the number of KTJ/g stool of the probands was evaluated after cultivation. For each of the probands, one sample was analyzed in each phase of the experiment. For statistical evaluation, the averages of log KTJ/g from the stool of all probands within each phase of the experiment were used. At the same time, there was a detailed evaluation of the intake of basic nutrients and other food components of the diet from the dietary records of the probands within the individual periods of the experiment. At the end, a correlation analysis was performed between the observed parameters. During the experiment, there was a decrease in the intake of total carbohydrates, monoenoic and trans fatty acids (P<0.05). In the group of probands, a tendency to decrease total energy intake and increased fiber intake was also noted. As part of the reduction course, there was a decrease in the abundance of Bacteroides spp. and lactic acid bacteria (P<0.05). In contrast, the numbers of Lb were increased at the end of the reduction program. acidophilus and Lb. rhamnosus in the stool of probands (P<0.05). In addition, in the period after the end of the reduction course, there was an increase in the abundance of fecal Bifidobacterium spp. (P<0.05) and a reduction in the number of Enterococcus spp. in the proband group (P<0.05). Based on the detected changes in the abundance of the bacterial composition of the cultured taxa, a possible reduction in the body weight of the probands within the monitored experiment can be assumed.
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