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Atopic eczema in children's health and social impact
PÁLKOVÁ, Hana
The thesis deals with atopic eczema in children and its health and social impact. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is focused on explaining the basic concepts in dermatology, presenting the anatomy and physiology of skin and its specific qualities in childhood, defining the atopic eczema and outlining its etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, treatment and nursing care as well as health and social impacts of eczema. The practical part of the thesis set up three goals. The first objective was to determine the impact of the disease on children and their families. The second objective of the research was to determine the role of a nurse in the treatment of children with atopic eczema. The third objective was to create an educational brochure for parents of children with atopic eczema. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative research based on two semistructured interviews was carried out. The first of the two interviews was conducted with mothers of sick children. The research group consisted of ten mothers, five from Prague and five from České Budějovice. The second interview was performed with nurses in GP surgeries for children and adolescents and in surgeries of dermatologists and allergists. The second research group consisted of eight nurses, four of which worked in GP surgeries for children and adolescents, two with dermatologists and two with allergists. Nurses, as well as mothers, came from Prague and České Budějovice. Attention was paid to problems that mothers and children find the most annoying. Small children under four years of age are most bothered by the itching and pain; part of these children also dislike daily skin care. Children from five years up are upset about insufficient contact with their peers and limitations in performing their activities of interest. They have to make sure they do not swear while enjoying their hobbies and their skin must not come into contact with irritants. Their mothers suffer from the unpredictability of the disease and from not knowing whether the eczema will ever disappear. They also fear that the eczema might get worse. The medical complications related to atopic eczema include Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, warts, Molluscum contagiosum and herpes in eczema-affected areas. Other complications include itching, pain, sleep disorders in the mother and child, subsequent fatigue, impaired performance at school and/or work. Generally, children and mothers have positive relationships with others, yet sometimes the have to face curious looks. Mothers tend to spend less time with their partners than they would desire. As for nurses, it was found out that the primary role in patients? education is played by doctors, whereas nurses, in addition to performing their administrative duties, provide additional information and educational materials and respond to parents? practical questions. The research results may serve mainly to parents and their children with atopic eczema as a source of information about the problems they might encounter, helping them to address such problems. The output of the thesis will be an educational brochure for parents of children with atopic eczema.
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Therapeutic bandages and their aplication in nursing care
PÁLKOVÁ, Hana
Abstract The topic of the bachelor thesis is ``Therapeutic Bandages and Their Utilization in Nursing Care{\crqq}. Therapeutic bandages have currently been one of the options how to treat wounds. Wound treatment by means of these bandages is faster and more efficient, provided that the bandages are correctly selected. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis contains a brief description of skin, wounds and wound healing process, including documentation, wound debridement, division of rinsing solutions, therapeutic bandages, re-bandaging of wounds, a psychological approach of a nurse to a patient, and an article on the Česká společnost pro léčbu chronické rány (Czech Association for Chronic Wound Treatment). The bachelor thesis has two objectives and four hypotheses. Objective 1: To ascertain practical utilization of the methods using therapeutic bandages. Three hypotheses were raised in this respect. Hypothesis 1: Nurses prefer conservative methods to therapeutic bandages. Hypothesis 2: Nurses apply therapeutic bandages inappropriately. Hypothesis 3: Wet healing is used more in hospitals than in consulting rooms of general practitioners and home-care agencies. Objective 2: To ascertain awareness of nurses in healthcare facilities of wet healing. One hypothesis was raised in order to attain this objective. Hypothesis 4: Nurses are not sufficiently informed about wet healing. The objectives have been attained by means of a quantitative research using the technique of questionnaires. The research set consisted of 108 nurses from the selected wards in Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. (Hospital of České Budějovice) and Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady (Královské Vinohrady University Hospital), nurses from consulting rooms of general practitioners and nurses from home-care agencies in České Budějovice. The research has provided answers to the hypotheses. Hypothesis 1 has not been confirmed; nurses prefer therapeutic bandages. Hypothesis 2 has not been confirmed; nurses apply the bandages correctly. Hypothesis 3 has been confirmed; wet healing is used more in hospitals. Hypothesis 4 has not been confirmed; nurses are sufficiently informed about wet healing of wounds. This thesis may be used as an informational or educational material aimed at improving the quality of provision of nursing care with regard to usage of therapeutic bandages.
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