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Vyhodnocení efektivnosti aplikace dusíku v minerálních hnojivech při pěstování ozimé pšenice
Ovchinnikova, Tatiana
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrogen application in mineral fertilizers in winter wheat cultivation. The results of an international competition on crop management practices of this crop conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute Kromeriz, Ltd. in the years 2014-2018 were processed. A total of 279 variants of crop management practices were compared in small plot field experiments (2014-46, 2015-51, 2016-56, 2017-64, 2018-62). The indicators chosen for evaluation were the total nitrogen dose (kg/ha), grain yield (t/ha) and crude protein content in the grain (%). Grain yields were significantly influenced by the weather conditions in each year. In all years, with decreasing total nitrogen dose, the variability of grain yield gradually increased. A significant increase in grain yield variability was observed for total nitrogen doses lower than 140-150 kg/ha N. Nevertheless, some variants of crop management with low nitrogen doses achieved yields comparable to variants with a total nitrogen dose higher by 50-60 kg/ha N. These economically beneficial results were achieved by optimizing all cultivation measures during the crop management in accordance with the properties of the cultivated variety and the course of the weather. A reduction of nitrogen consumption by 50 kg/ha, reduces the risk of nitrate contamination of the environment and also represents a saving of CZK 2,714/ha, at the average price of nitrogen of CZK 54.3/kg in commonly used mineral fertilizers in 2022. The change in nitrogen doses also affected the content of crude protein in the grain. In all years, a negative relationship was found between the yield and crude protein content in the grain. With an increase in grain yield by one tonne per hectare, the crude protein content in the grain decreased by 0.12-0.35%, and on average by 0.24%.
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Vyhodnocení odrůd ozimé pšenice z hlediska nákladů potřebných na jejich ochranu pesticidy
Ovchinnikova, Tatiana
This bachelor thesis is focused on comparing selected varieties of winter wheat based on efficiency of their pesticide’s treatment cost in the Czech Republic. 13 varieties were chosen from the List of recommended varieties (SDO) between years 2015 and 2019. Data for calculations were provided by the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture (ÚKZUZ). Conclusion was focused mostly on comparison of yield ability of varieties in treated and untreated variants of testing in small plot field experiments and an increase in the contribution to the payment (increase in the CP = difference between increase in sales and increase in variable costs) in response to the intensification on the treated variant. The highest CP was achieved by varieties Elly and Bohemia, which showed lower resistance against illnesses, which is why they reacted well to intensification by pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. On the other hand, profitable varieties with higher resistance against illnesses (Gordian and Dagmar), did not show increase in the CP on the treated variant, however they reached above average sales (Kč/ha) in all testing areas. Varieties of this kind van be used in so-called ecological agriculture, allowing high level of production and yield to be maintained while reducing the amount of used agrochemicals.
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