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Radiological diagnosis of renal colic
ONDRUŠKOVÁ, Lenka
The thesis focuses on performance frequency of particual radiodiagnostic imaging methods which are indicated to patients with diagnosis of undefined renal colic Another aim is comparison of individual imaging methods based on radiation pressure together with highlighting of advantages and disadvantages of every individual examination. The thesis is introduced with a brief anatomical and physiological summary of urinary system. The next paragraph deals with the issue of urolithiasis, classification of urinary stones and factors contributing to formation of urolithiasis. Undoubtedly, one of the most important passages in the theoretical part of the thesis is a detailed description of individual imaging methods used in urology. Every medical examination includes procedure, preparation of a patient, indication, contraindication, benefits and drawbacks typical for implementation of imaging methods. The last part of the theoretical section covers a comparison of particular medical srceenings according to the negative radiation effects on the patient and according to the financial point of view. The second part of the thesis focuses on hypothesis and description of the research methodology. The aim of the thesis is seen in a comparison as well as in a research of frequency of individual imaging methods used in renal illnesses causing renal colic. The research was focused on this aim and all useful data in connection with description of methodology were applied. Another goal of the research was verification of hypothesis which is based on the belief that methods without using contrastive substances are more frequently applied. Methodology used in the bachelor thesis describes collecting of data, processing and comparison of patients´ files who underwent treatment of renal colic in the urology ward in the hospital in Havlíčkův Brod. The research was mainly oriented on imaging methods using contrasting substances as well as non-contrasting methods. Amongst these imaging screenings belong ultrasonography, plain radiograph of kidneys, intravenous excretory urography, computed tomography with low-dose technique and CT with application of contrastive substance. The data was collected from the hospital information system service known as NIS in Havlíčkův Brod. The first data collection method was aimed at group of patients with renal colic diagnosis who have experienced radiodiagnostic examination methods in the hostital in Havlíčkův Brod in 2012. The group consisted of one hundred patients. In the first place, frequency of occurrence of urolithiasis and its frequency of particular examination of both sexes was examined. It was followed by the research of the frequency imaging methods for the entire year 2012. The final research was focused on the number of condactive examinations using contrastive substance. In the end, it was compared to the number of realized screenings without contrasing substance. The second data collection included the number of conducted screenings in last fifteen years. Out of this data frequency of examinations in the years 1999 and 2013 were compared and represented. For the clear arrangement, the data was reported and graphically presented for the individual years in the period from 1.1.1999 till 31.12.2013. The results of the first and the second collection data method were compared and assessed. As a result it can be assumed that hypothesis has been confirmed. In comparison of frequency of the conducted contrasing examinations in 2012, imaging methods without application of the contrastive substance were in percentage majority. The same outcome was also shown after researching the data from last fifteen years. Nephrogram radiology was the most frequently conducted type of examination meanwhile the least frequently used was CT examination with the application of contrasting substance.
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