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The role of exosomes in communication between adipose and cardiac tissue
Novotná, Denisa Regine ; Zouhar, Petr (advisor) ; Kašík, Petr (referee)
Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, represent an important, newly identified, factor in the information transmission between individual cells and organs of a multicellular organism. Usually, exosomes contain nucleic acids, proteins and even whole organelles such as mitochondria. The exosomes production takes place, among others, in adipocytes of adipose tissue. Because adipose tissue is the main repository of stored lipids, its metabolism and the functionality of its mitochondria react sensitively e.g. to nutritional conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated that exosome secretion from adipose tissue may play a pivotal role in the progression of metabolic syndrome. In hypertrophied tissue, mitochondria fail, and adipocytes dispose of them by secreting them as exosomes. The majority of these exosomes with damaged mitochondria are directly taken up by macrophages within the adipose tissue. However, a subset of them can escape into the circulation and reach the heart. The uptake of these exosomes by the myocardium and the incorporation of damaged mitochondria into its own mitochondrial network may have surprisingly positive effects for increasing resistance to damage in infarction. Furthermore, exosomes may also play an important role in ridding brown adipose tissue and other cells of...
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