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The role of the minor patient in the decision-making process regarding the provided health care
Šebková, Šárka ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Neugebauer, Jan (referee)
The bachelor's thesis entitled "The role of the minor patient in the decision-making process about the provided health care" deals with the issue of the rights of child patients and their respect. The work tries to outline the issue of providing health care to minor patients, its pitfalls and possible solutions to related problems. The aim of the work was to map the knowledge of minor patients in the area of their rights in the provision of health care and to evaluate their respect by health workers. The theoretical part of the thesis provides a basic overview of legal sources that regulate the role of minor patients in the provision of health care. This part of the work further outlines selected topics of the given issue from the point of view of valid legislation and points out possible pitfalls in practice. The empirical part presents the results of own work and their comparison with the results of other researches. The research method was a questionnaire of our own construction, which was distributed in the outpatient clinic of a general practitioner for children and adolescents. In the study itself were included 92 duly completed questionnaires. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that 72.83% of respondents think that they are given the opportunity to participate in decisions about...
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The impact of bleeding disorders on patients' daily activities
Vacková, Eliška ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Neugebauer, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the impact of bleeding disorders on patinets daily activities. Bleeding disorders represent a wide spectrum of disorders, and each disorder may differ in its etiology, clinical manifestations or subsequent therapy. For this reason, this bachelor thesis focuse primarily on haemophilia. The aim of this thesis was to investigate in which areas and to what extent the bleeding disorder affects the daily life of patients. The thesis id divide into a theoretical and an empirical part. In the theoretical part, the different bleeding conditions are characterized and von Willebrand's disease and haemophilia are described in more detail. At the end of the theoretical part, the activities of daily life and the needs of person are described. The empirical part contains the results of the own investigation, statistical analysis and comparsion of the rsults of the own work with the results of previously conducted studies. Method: to obtain the results, a questionnaire of our own design was developer, which was subsequently distributed in the Institute of hematology and blood transfusion to a selected group of respondets attending outpatient check-ups at the Centre for thrombosis and haemostasis. Results: 42 respondents took part in the questionnaire survey and it was found that...
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Medical personnel's knowledge of restraints and legal aspects of their use
Dalíková, Zuzana ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Neugebauer, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis entitled " Medical personnel's knowledge of restraints and legal aspects of their use" deals with restraints, their types, the method of use, the legal requirements that accompany their use and the knowledge of medical staff about restraints. Objectives: The aim of this work was to find out what knowledge nurses have about restraints, whether they know what elements the medical documentation must contain and what their responsibilities are. Methods: A 17-question questionnaire was designed to obtain the results of the study. Nurses from the Central Military Hospital were approached. Internal ward, psychiatric ward and aftercare ward were selected as the target units. Out of a total of 80 questionnaires, 50 were returned completed. Results: The results of the survey show that nurses' responses did not differ according to gender and hardly differed according to the highest level of education attained. However, there is a difference in the dependency of the responses and the department in which the respondents work. Nurses on the psychiatric ward are more educated on what their duties are or who is allowed to indicate restraints, for example. Conclusion: The issue of restraints is a growing topic and there is a need for nursing staff to be aware of all the essentials related to...
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Contact Precautions in Nursing Care in Patients with Infectious Diseases in a Medical Ward
Vanclová, Barbora ; Trojánek, Milan (advisor) ; Neugebauer, Jan (referee)
Bachelor thesis titled "Barrier Nursing Regime in patients with infectious diseases in standard bed ward" delves into the knowledge of non-medical healthcare personnel in the issue of barrier nursing care and barrier isolation regimes, their subsequent application in practice on individual standard wards, and possible ways to increase the motivation of this personnel to adhere to barrier measures. Aims: The aim of this study is to determine whether healthcare personnel adhere to barrier measures when caring for patients with infectious diseases and to assess their knowledge in this area, eventually, reasons for not adhering to these measures and explore potential motivations for adherence. Methods: The research was conducted using a questionnaire survey, which was carried out in 4 hospitals, namely in MMN a.s., Regional Hospital Jičín a.s., Regional Hospital Trutnov a.s., and Regional Hospital Náchod a.s. The questionnaire comprised a total of 23 questions, including 6 open-ended questions and 17 multiple-choice questions. A total of 69 respondents completed the questionnaire. Results: After statistical analysis of the data, it was found that the knowledge of non- medical healthcare personnel in this area is not entirely satisfactory, which often leads to incorrect utilization of barrier regimes....
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Healthy nutrition in school-age children
Kozáková, Kateřina ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Neugebauer, Jan (referee)
The bachelor's thesis on "Healthy nutrition in school-age children" focuses on the eating habits of children at younger and older school age. The aim of the thesis was to find out and map how children of younger and older school age eat and what their eating habits are. In the theoretical part of the thesis, attention is paid to healthy nutrition and healthy lifestyles, and emphasis is placed on the eating habits of children of different ages, with a division into younger school age and older school age. In the empirical part, the objectives, working hypotheses, methodology and organization of the investigation are presented. The results of the actual investigation are presented, followed by comparisons with the results of other studies. The research method was a self-constructed questionnaire distributed to general practitioners for children and adolescents in the Central Bohemia Region and Prague. 81 questionnaires were included in the survey. The results of the self-administered survey were very satisfactory. As an example, 74.07 % of the respondents stated that their children were used to eating breakfast. Another satisfactory result may be that 84 % of the respondents said that their children drink before going to school. The results of the actual survey which are not so satisfactory may be,...
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Contact Precautions in Nursing in the Intensive Care
Satranská, Andrea ; Trojánek, Milan (advisor) ; Neugebauer, Jan (referee)
The thesis titled "Barrier Nursing in Intensive Care Units" explores the issue of knowledge and adherence to barrier nursing and enhanced hygienic regime and the reasons for non- compliance. Objectives: The focus of the thesis is to ascertain knowledge of nurses about barrier nursing and enhanced hygienic regime. Furthermore, to determine which protective measures are actually being followed and the reason why they are not being followed. Methods: To fulfill the objectives of the thesis, a survey targeting nursing staff in an adult intensive care unit was created. The survey took place at the University Hospital Hradec Králové. A total of 76 completed questionnaires were included in the study. Results: Based on statistical evaluation, it was found that nurses in intensive care units have an average knowledge of hygienic regimes of 88.36 %. The most common situation in which respondents do not fully adhere to enhanced hygienic measures is during an acute condition of a patient. In the open-ended response section, respondents most frequently mentioned CPR, the risk of removal of invasive access, or patient bed exit. Conclusion: The thesis achieved all predetermined objectives. The issue of adherence to barrier nursing measures, and consequently enhanced hygienic regimes, is a comprehensive topic in...
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Aberrant behavior, opioids and pain
Jirásková, Michaela ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Neugebauer, Jan (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA 2. LÉKAŘSKÁ FAKULTA Ústav ošetřovatelství Michaela Jirásková Aberantní chování, opioidy a bolest Bakalářská práce Praha 2023 ABSTRACT Background: Objectives: The aim is to determine the frequency of risk of aberrant behavior based on screening and the actual incidence of aberrant the group of patients with chronic pain without opioid treatment. Methods: 30 patients with chronic non-cancer pain not using opioid analgesics and 30 patients with chronic non-cancer pain using opioid analgesics hospitalized at the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital. Patients were presented with the following tests in paper form: Structured Interview, ORT, ET, COMM, SOAP-R, CADE AID. Respondents signed an informed consent form based on EC approval. The study was approved by the EC. Results: For socio-demographic and clinical variables, we used chi-square testing for statistical significance as appropriate and concluded that there was a statistically significant difference between the opioid analgesic user group and the non-user group. When examining the effect of sociodemographic variables on quality of life in patients with chronic non-cancer pain compared to the effect of sociodemographic variables on the group of patients without...
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Fear and procedural pain in COVID - 19 vaccination in adult nursing
Rotreklová, Anežka ; Raudenská, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Neugebauer, Jan (referee)
Background: The bachelor thesis deals with the fear and procedural pain accompanying vaccination within the framework of the vaccination against sars-CoV-2 virus in the pandemic starting in 2020 in the Czech Republic. Objectives: This quantitative study aims to map fear and procedural pain before and after all doses of COVID-19 vaccination, regardless of vaccine, in a demographic sample of 100-200 nurses aged 18-100 years. Furthermore, to place the intensity of fear and pain in the context of sociodemographic data and to suggest possible non- pharmacological or psychological approaches to reduce these feelings in relation to the COVID-19 vaccination Methods: .... nurse respondents who met inclusion criteria participated in the study. These included both healthy individuals and those with chronic illness or pain. High school or college degree attained in nursing education with years of nursing experience, demographic data, and diagnosis of psychiatric illness with a focus on anxiety and unreasonable fear in the physician were collected. The anamnestic questionnaire also included the types of vaccines within each dose and the dates on which vaccinations were given. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Adult Faces Anxiety Scale were used to assess fear and pain before and after administration of...
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Využití hodnotících a měřících nástrojů pro hodnocení potřeb pacientů s tělesným znevýhodněním
NEUGEBAUER, Jan
Physical disadvantage is a debatable topic regarding terminology,variability,and specifics of care.In connection with this issue,we look at the whole concept in analyzing and satisfying current needs,which differ significantly depending on the type,extent, and reversibility of disadvantage.General needs tend to be constant,but in these patients,the spectrum of needs that have been modified or newly created in connection with the disadvantage is more significantly affected. For careful analysis, the nurses can use the evaluation and measurement tools,focusing on the problematic area(e.g., self-sufficiency or risk factors) or comprehensively on the level of disadvantage.Nurses in the Czech Republic use only instruments specifically evaluating each area separately.Implementing a comprehensive tool could contribute to the improvement of care for patients with physical disabilities in clinical practice.The dissertation aimed to analyze the available evaluation and measurement tools for evaluating patients with physical disabilities in nursing, map the care provided for these patients,and analyze problematic situations present in patients with physical disabilities during hospitalization.We use a mix of methods to process the work using the questionnaire survey technique and the Focus groups method. We create the questionnaire survey for two groups marked as A and B. Research group A had a representative character and consisted of nurses from all over the Czech Republic.Research group B consisted of patients with physical disabilities.Within the data collection, we create two different questionnaires - non-standardized for research set A with a focus on using evaluation tools,work with results,recommendations for practice,and the concept of physical disabilities.We also create a combination of a WHODAS 2.0 and further information focusing on the concept of own body and the quality of life for research set B.In clinical practice, the use of a general standardized tool,especially for fall risk assessment (Conley scale and Morse Fall Scale),pressure ulcer risk assessment (Braden scale and Norton scale),and self-sufficiency assessment (Barthel test,routine instrumental test).As part of the active search for the specific needs of the nurse, she also evaluates the area of activity,motivation, mobility,and nutrition.Respondents do not evaluate sexuality and spirituality adequately in clinical practice,and nurses state that these topics are still taboo and consider it a more suitable alternative for these domains to be provided by other specialists.For the field of assessment, they would welcome in their practice both tools for assessing the risk of pressure ulcers - Waterlow Scale,Knoll Scale or Shannon Scale;fall risk assessment tools - Morse Fall Scale,Conley Scale or Tinetti scale;tools for self-sufficiency evaluation - Barthel test, a test of everyday instrumental activities.In patients with physical disabilities,the most problematic domains currently are urinary incontinence,pain,and the psychological area,focusing on self-esteem and a sense of security and safety.Nurses would like to welcome a more comprehensive tool for assessing the issue of physical disadvantage for use in clinical practice,and they would also welcome educational courses in this area,which will help them understand this issue better.In clinical practice,respondents use standardized and non-standardized tools to evaluate patients with physical disabilities.The respondents would welcome many of the standardized tools in their practice and recommend them for use throughout the Czech Republic.Patients with physical disabilities often suffer from the risk of pressure ulcers,falls,the development of infections,mental health problems,and pain.As a recommendation for practice,we agree with the implementation of standardized tools into clinical practice.WHODAS 2.0 is well-suited for analyzing the level of disadvantage and points to disadvantaged areas.Furthermore,the nurse
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Theory-guided design of novel Fe-Al-based superalloys
Friák, Martin ; Holec, D. ; Jirásková, Yvonna ; Palm, M. ; Stein, F. ; Janičkovič, D. ; Pizúrová, Naděžda ; Dymáček, Petr ; Dobeš, Ferdinand ; Šesták, Pavel ; Fikar, Jan ; Šremr, Jiří ; Nechvátal, Luděk ; Oweisová, S. ; Homola, V. ; Titov, Andrii ; Slávik, Ondrej ; Miháliková, Ivana ; Pavlů, Jana ; Buršíková, V. ; Neugebauer, J. ; Boutur, D. ; Lapusta, Y. ; Šob, Mojmír
Our modern industrialized society increasingly requires new structural materials\nfor high-temperature applications in automotive and energy-producing industrial\nsectors. Iron-aluminides are known to possess excellent oxidation and sulfidation\nresistance as well as sufficient strength at elevated temperatures. New Fe-Al-based\nmaterials will have to meet multiple casting, processing and operational criteria\nincluding high-temperature creep strength, oxidation resistance and room-temperature\nductility. Such desirable combination of materials properties can be achieved in multi-phase\nmulti-component superalloys with a specific type of microstructure (the matrix contains\ncoherent particles of a secondary phase - a superalloy microstructure). In order to design\nnew Fe-Al-based superalloys, we employ a state-ofthe-art theory-guided materials design\nconcept to identify suitable combinations of solutes.
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