|
|
Trichuris nematodes in wild ruminants
Páclík, David ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Nechybová, Stanislava (referee)
The parasite Trichuris species is widespread in wild ruminants in the country. In ruminants there are several species of parasite. In ruminants were species Trichuris discolor, Trichuris capreoli, Trichuris globulosa, Trichuris ovis, Trichuris skrjabini. Parasites of the genus can infect wild ruminants and economically ruminants. These are endoparasites which parasitizes in the gut. The body of the parasite Trichuris is divided into two parts. The thinner end of the head portion is inserted into the intestinal epithelial where obtains nutrients. Fat tail end is free in the intestine. The body is inarticulate. For this parasite is pronounced sexual dimorphism. Males have sexual spicules at the caudal end of the body. Females have a vulva, usually located at the transition from the thin head part to a stronger tail part of the body. Development cycle is no intermediate host. Animals become infected by ingestion of food containing egg with infective larvae. Development takes place through five larval stages. The generic name Trichuris is basically flawed and inaccurate, since it is based on the idea that the wire-thin body is part of the tail and thicker body part is the head (thrix = hair, ura = tail). Correct it later formed generic names Trichocephalus (Kefalo = head), which is also used in the literature as another name parasitic species Trichuris. However, it is still considered correct generic name Trichuris and disease caused by this parasite is therefore called trichuriosa.
|
|
|
Toxoplasma gondii manipulation in the host
Dittrichová, Anna ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Nechybová, Stanislava (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to collect so far discovered findings about manipulation of behaviour caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The first part of this thesis introduces basic characteristic of the parasite and toxoplasmosis, which is a disease caused exactly by this parasite. In the second part we summarize outcomes of many different scientific essays that deal with manipulation of intermediate host behaviour. Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread parasite that can modify the behaviour of the intermediate host, which can lead to serious changes in psychological profile of infected people. Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonosis in the Czech Republic, the prevalence reaches 25-30 %. Toxoplasmosis is usually an asymptomatic infection, however it modifies the behaviour and acting of the intermediate host in some special situasions, it also changes excretion of important substances and affects the secondary sex ratio too. Toxoplasmosis is a very important risk especially for imunodeficit people and pregnant women. The principle of prevention is very strict personal and food hygiene.
|
|
|
Parasites in nutria (Myocastor coypus)
Urbanová, Beáta ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Nechybová, Stanislava (referee)
The aim of this work was published data concerning parasites coypu (Myocastor coypus).
The first part describes the anatomy and the ethology of a coypu. Nutria is a relatively large rodent, native from South America. It lives near the water areas in small family groups which are lead by the old female. Its body is adapted to the life in water. Nutria is herbivores, which eats littoral and aquatic plants. It is a polyestric animal which gives birth to about six nidifugous pups. The nutria is the non-native species in the Czech Republic. The first import of nutrias was held in 1924 from Argentina. After that they escaped from the farms and due to they got into the wild.
The second part of this work characterizes parasites that have been diagnosed in nutrias. Protozoa diseases cause the coccidia and Toxoplasma. The coccidia are parasites of the genus Eimeria and belong to the most dangerous diseases for nutrias. The trematodes (Fasciola hepatica) also occur in nutrias and causing obturation and destruction of the liver. Anoplocephala sp., Hymenolepis octocornata and Rodentolepis avetjanae from tapeworms parasitize in nutria. Additionally nutrias serve as intermediate hosts of Echinococcus granulosus, Multiceps serialis and Taenia tenuicollis. The diseases, caused by parasitic nematodes from class Nematodes, are caused by parasites Trichinella spiralis, Trichuris myocastoris, the worms of genus Strongyloides (Strongyloides myopotami), and the worms from superfamily Trichostrongyloidae (Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, T. myocastoris). Among the most ectoparasitic diseases frequently belong the scabies (Myocoptes myocastori, Chirodiscoides caviae) and Demodex spp.
|
|
|
Parasites in Lama spp. and in Vicugna vicugna
Záhorková, Veronika ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Nechybová, Stanislava (referee)
Parasites in llama spp. and Vicugna Summary This bachelor thesis is written in the form of a literature review and discusses the most common internal and external parasites in llamas of the genera Lama and Vicugna. The mentioned parasites are taxonomically classified. There is summarized information regarding the occurrence, life cycles and causes of diseases. Described next are the clinical signs and subsequent treatment. Among the internal parasites causing protozoan infections belong Eimeria lamae, Eimeria alpacae, Eimeria punoensis, Eimeria ivitaensis, Eimeria macusaniensis, Eimeria peruviana. Further including Cryptosporidium parvum, Sarcocystis aucheniae and Giardia intestinalis. Of the phylum of flatworms described here are Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Moniezia expansa, Moniezia benedeni a Echinococcus granulosus. The phylum of nematodes is represented by Trichuris tenuis, Trichuris ovis, Capillaria sp., Lamanema chavezi, Nematodirus battus, Nematodirus lamae, Nematodirus spathiger, Nematodirus filicollis, Nematodirus lanceolatus, further including Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus axei, Camelostrongylus mentulatus, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, Mazamastrongylus peruvianus, Teladorsagia spp., Ostertagia ostertagi, Ostertagia lyrata, Marshallagia marshalli, Oesophagostomum venulosum and Oesophagostomum columbianum. An important group of external parasites consists of representatives of the family of Sarcoptidae and Psoroptidae, mites causing scabies. In llamas and alpacas we can encounter three types of scabies, namely sarcoptes (Sarcoptes scabiei), psoroptes (Psoroptes spp.) and chorioptes (Chorioptes bovis). The most common is chorioptic scabies, whose treatment is more difficult compared to sarkoptic and psoroptic scabies. Other mites in llama spp. and Vicugna are classified as Demodex spp. Among the parasitic insects in llamas belong sucking lice Microthoracius mazzai, Microthoracius minor, Microthoracius praelongiceps and biting lice Bovicola breviceps. For a better understanding of the issues I conducted a coprological examination of faecal samples of llamas and sheep using a concentrated McMaster method in compliance with FAO. Through examination parasites of the genera Eimeria, Nematodirus, Trichuris and the suborder Strongylida were detected. keywords: parasite, llama, alpaca
|
guest ::
