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Vyhodnocení reprodukčních ukazatelů ve vybraném chovu dojnic v ZOD "Podhradí" Choustník
NEZBEDOVÁ, Marie
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate chosen influences on the extent of reproduction of randomly chosen milk cows that are bred in the same conditions. The chosen influences such as breed, age of the first calving, time of year of calving and level of yield were observed within breeds of Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein cattle. Evaluation was carried out in ZOD "Podhradí" Choustník company, specifically in Budislav farm. 191 cows were chosen for the basic sample. 95 of them were Holstein cattle and 96 were Czech mottled cattle. Chosen influences were evaluated according to data gained from the set of milk yield inspections. A statistically significant difference was observed between Czech ticks and Holstein cows in the length of service period per second and first lactation where Holstein cows have a second lactation period longer than 44 days (P <0.001). Evaluation of first calving age did not show any influence on the level of reproduction neither within Czech Fleckvieh nor within Holstein cattle. During the annual evaluation, it emerged that Holstein cows calved in spring and winter have significantly bigger insemination interval compared to cows that were calved during summer or autumn. This fact was also proven by correlation analysis. This analysis also confirmed the relation between annual period and insemination interval Rxy=0,21(P<0,05). The correlation analysis also proved the relation between annual period and service period as well as interim of Czech Fleckvieh cattle Rxy= 0,327 (P<0,01). Statistically significant influence was not proven within Holstein cattle. Correlation analysis only pointed out the relation between yield and service period Rxy=0,213 (P<0,05). Unlike Holstein cattle, gradual increase of service period figures and interim depending on yield was noticed. Breeding cows milking more that 7,5 thousand kg of milk per lactation had service period of 132 days (P<0,01) and interim 407 days (P<0,01). Economical losses caused by prolonged interim during monitored herd of cattle reached 400.490 CZK in year of 2016.
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The Comparison of Milk Yield of Milked Breed Cradlet in the same Conditions
NEZBEDOVÁ, Marie
Nowadays it is hard to maintain the profitability in cattle farming in the Czech Republic. The price of a liter of milk is not stable and and input costs have an increasing tendency. It is necessary to reduce input costs to maintain a good economy of milk production and the emphasis is on increasing milk production. There is also a decline in dairy cows, the herd replacement increases and the reproductive characteristics of dairy cows worsens. A very important component participating in the milk production is sufficient and quality nutrition This bachelor thesis analyzes the influences on milk production of Czech Fleckvieh cattle and Holstein cattle. The aim of this work was to develop a detailed survey of Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein cattle. Furthermore, the importance of cattle farming, utility types of cattle. An integral part of the literature review are influences that affect milk production in kg and also on the content of milk constituents, in particular the fat content and protein. Another part of the work is the statistical analysis of chosen influences on milk production and milk components. Among the selected factors are breed, age at first calving, lactation length, level of production during the first inspection of first calving performance. The outcomes were evaluated in the company ZOD "Podhradí" Choustník and values needed for analysis were obtained from reports of performance tests. During the watching of milk yield of dairy cows in the monitored file related to the breed, it was found that the total average milk yield in the monitored file Holstein cows reaches the level of 8743 kg of milk, with an average 3.66% fat and 3.43% proteins. Czech Fleckvieh cows gived 7005 kg of milk with 3.92% fat and 3.53% proteins. In comparison with T-test in was found a statistically significant difference between breeds in milk production only in the third lactation (P <0.001). There was a significant difference between breeds in fat content (P <0.01) in the second lactation. The effect of age at first calving on milk yield in first lactation was not confirmed at Holstein cows. The biggest group of the utility was achieved at cows calving aged> 28 months. Statistically significant differences were found only for protein content and for groups calving to 22-24 months and groups of 25-27 months (P <0.01). For the Czech Fleckvieh cows the highest milk yield of dairy cows reached calving group aged 22 to 24 months (6947 kg of milk). In evaluation of the impact lactation length on the average daily milk production per standard lactation and full lactation results were significant for groups of cows with lactation length 401-500 and over 500 days of lactation (P <0.01). For the Czech Fleckvieh cows the difference was only detected in the group of 401 to 500 days of lactation. Correlation analysis of both breeds showed that is possible based on the values found during the first inspection the of the utility after calving perform negative selection (Rxy= 0,632, P <0.001)
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