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Tattoo and its meaning in religion
NECUDOVÁ, Lucie
Tattoo is kind of body art that is well known practice from beginning of human history to present time. Tattooing is process of inserting of colour in the skin. The oldest archaeological evidence of tattooing we can find in mummy body called Ötzi which is almost 5,500 years old, according to radiocarbon dating. The hot spots of tattooing with very long history and lore are Polynesian islands. This thesis is focused on tattoo, its history and ethnography and another aspects and purposes connected with practising of tattooing. And finally is trying to find relationship between tattoo and religion. The first part of the aim is bringing tattoo definition, namely concentrate on its ethnography and distribution. The second one is brief describing main religion and belief systems such as Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism and their issue with tattooing.
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Carbon Stable Isotopes in Spruce Tree Rings as a Marker of Pathogenic Fungal Attack of Trees.
NECUDOVÁ, Lucie
Trees are long living plants, which use carbon from the air and hydrogen and oxygen predominantly from soil water for their growth. They deposit these elements largely into a wood where they may persist for thousands of years. Tree growth is influenced by environment, especially by air temperature and precipitation. These factors have an effect on stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rate which influence carbon stable isotope ratio (13C/12C) in the tree tissue. This thesis is focus on stable carbon isotopes in tree-rings of Norway spruce attacked by honey mushroom, and Norway spruce which doesn?t show any signs of disease. The hypothesis of the thesis is based on an expected difference in carbon isotope fractionation during photosynthesis between the spruce attacked by honey mushroom and a ?healthy? spruce. The difference in isotope fractionation could be caused by water deficit induced by honey mushroom disease in the tree. We expect that the attacked spruce defends against water loss by closing stomata, and it could lead to lower CO2 concentration in the needles and higher ?13C value in tree-rings biomass The stable carbon isotope analysis (IRMS) was done on tree-rings of four spruce pairs, each one including an attacked spruce and spruce which didn?t show any signs of disease. Carbon isotope ratio of early wood, late wood and in biomass of the whole annual increment was measured. In contrary to our hypothesis we did not fined any systematic difference in isotopic composition between the attacked spruce and the spruce which did not show any signs of disease.
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