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Hodnocení finančního zdraví podniku z pohledu účetnictví na případu zemědělství
NÝVLTOVÁ, Kristýna
The dissertation deals with the accounting aspects of assessing the financial health of a company with a focus on agriculture. The main objective of this study is to assess individual methods designed to evaluate the financial health of a company, to determine their sensitivity to risk data in accounting. The study is focused on the field of agriculture mainly as a result of knowledge about the difficult process of compiling and using agricultural accounting. Agriculture fall within the primary sector of the economy, is very important for landscaping and a lot of subsidies flow from the budget of state and the European Union. Due to the specifics and stated problematic areas, which cannot be fully captured by legislation, incomplete or distorted information is transmitted, being also transferred to the methods of the financial health assessment of the company. Attention is also paid to the influence of legislative changes on the values in accounting as well as creative accounting. Following the findings from the theoretical basis, the application part analyses the impact of different accounting solutions on the financial statements. A paired t-test, used for the analysis, was preceded by data normality testing using the histogram and Shapiro-Wilk test. According to these tests, statistically significant differences were found com-paring the current method of accounting used for investment subsidies and leases with the IFRS accounting, between the accounting of changes in inventories and capitalization before and after 1 January 2016, and in land valuation using historical cost and market price. All these areas influence the values of all the analysed methods of financial health assessment. Only the CH-index showed no statistically significant difference in land valuation and accounting solution of inventory activation and changes. Furthermore, the reliability and controllability of the selected methods used for the evaluation of financial health in the field of agriculture is assessed. According to the results, none of the evaluated models can be used in its original variant, but it is possible to use them to compare the company with similar enterprises or over time thanks to the proven dependence of partial indicators and even the whole models on the productivity. Another type of analysis is designed to determine the indicators that have a statistically significant impact on the actual financial situation of businesses. The method of generalized linear models - multinomial linear regression - is used for this test. To determine whether an enterprise is at risk or not, it would be possible to use the stock / income and short-term liabilities / income indicators, and the cash flow / assets indicator to determine the type of threat.
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Accounting of livestock, link to the real situation
NÝVLTOVÁ, Kristýna
The aim of this work was to analyse the current legislation, to compare the legislation with the needs of practice and then to propose measures that would lead to a better explanatory power and comparability of accounting firms engaged in animal husbandry. In the theoretical part, there was analysed current legislation relating to the accounting of animals in comparison with the needs of practice, there were described the differences between the Czech law, international accounting standards IAS IFRS and American standards US GAAP. In the second part, I calculated the differences arising from the valuation of animals at the acquisition by purchase and at by their own activities and the differences arising from the inclusion of the animal. This section also addressed other issues such as the obligation to classify animals into inventory, the conception of an animal, or the choice of accounting system.
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