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Gene sequencing in patients with cancer anamnesis
MARKOVÁ, Iveta
Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the Czech Republic, of which 5-10% are occupied by hereditary cancer syndromes. They are caused by a congenital - hereditary mutation in one of the alleles of the genes, when after the second random intervention in the other allele hereditary cancer develops. It is important to distinguish between hereditary and sporadic carcinomas due to the high risk of inheritance of mutated alleles in the family. The indication may be, for example, the onset of the disease at a young age or the recurrence of the cancer in the family In my work I focused on the analysis and evaluation of data obtained by Sanger sequencing. The aim was to find mutations in the genes mentioned below and to evaluate their pathogenicity by comparison with databases. In the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis I deal with cancer in general and hereditary cancer. I specify the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, including genes, that may cause this syndrome - BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, PTEN, ATM, PALB2, I also deal with Lynch syndrome and the MMR gene system. Last but not least, I describe a familial adenomatous polyposis associated with the APC gene. In the research part I focused on the examination of selected areas of 18 anonymized samples in the gene PALB2 - exon 13 and in the gene BRCA2 - exon 10/4 and exon 11/12. Using the PCR method, I prepared the samples for Sanger sequencing, which then took place in GenSeq s.r.o. In the last part of my work I deal with the analysis and evaluation of the results using the BioEdit program and the NCBI database. I found a mutation in 5 samples - in 4 it was a deletion of one nucleotide with a conflicting interpretation of pathogenicity, the last mutation was pathogenic - causes hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, it was a nucleotide duplication.
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Knowledge of secondary school students in first aid in the region of Pribram
MARKOVÁ, Iveta
This thesis deals with the knowledge of high school students in providing first aid in the Příbram region. Providing first aid to the injured and saving their lives or health is a legal and moral obligation of all of us. There are many incidents that can cause serious or light injury. We should know the possible dangers, know how to act, and be able to provide first aid both to ourselves, to our closest, but to others as well. It is therefore necessary that the public is sufficiently educated in first aid so as to be able to respond adequately. In the Czech Republic it is necessary to include the subject of first aid into the school curriculum. Currently, however, neither teacher training in first aid is conceptually solved though the current legislation and related regulations generally prescribe training in first aid as an obligation for schools. Yet there are no specific standards or recommendations. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the topic of first aid, with the high school educational system and the education of teachers. Subsequently, we present the integrated rescue system, basic first aid terminology, sudden severe illnesses and the care for the injured. An integral part of the chapter is a brief description of selected statistical methods. Through basic mathematical operations, descriptive statistics, and the use of tables and graphs, the theoretical part gives an account and summary of large amounts of data. Descriptive statistics is followed by mathematical statistics. It includes a nonparametric and parametric testing. In this thesis we have set the objective of determining the degree of knowledge and skills of Příbram region high school students in providing first aid and of comparing the skills and knowledge of health students and students of different study programs. We have set two hypotheses: H1: "More than 2/3 of all surveyed high school students in Příbram region will score more than 50% of correct answers on the survey," and H2: "health profession students will achieve better results on this survey than students of other disciplines." In order to achieve the defined objectives and to verify the hypotheses we have compiled a questionnaire focusing on the area of first aid, carried out a questionnaire survey, and conducted statistical surveys using descriptive and mathematical statistics. The questionnaire consisted of closed questions. Three questions were of generally informative character and twenty questions focused particularly on the problems of first aid. There were four response options to the questions focused on first aid, only one of which was correct. By a random selection we picked out four out of fourteen secondary schools and the High School of Nursing and College of Health Příbram, hereinafter SZŠ. The project involved 295 students, a total of 154 girls and 141 boys, specifically 147 SZŠ students and 148 students from other high schools. The selective statistical sample consisted of 100 students of SZŠ and 100 students from other high schools. The questionnaire survey covered the period from March to May 2015. From the survey results it is clear that the surveyed knowledge is slightly above average in SZŠ students and reaches the average level in students of other high schools in Příbram region. The arithmetic average of the SZŠ students was 16 points out of 20 and only 13 of 20 points in students from other high schools. Only 13% of students achieved less than 50% of the correct answers. The results of the survey show that the objectives of the thesis were met and both hypotheses were confirmed. Nonetheless, a question arises: "Are the teachers adequately trained in first aid?" The answer follows from the incorrect answers of students. The results of the survey have been provided to the participating high schools which then could focus on potential problems in the area of first aid and their curriculum.
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A patient after a diagnostic application of radiopharmaceuticals as a source of radiation - mutual radiation strain of the personnel and patients
MARKOVÁ, Iveta
ABSTRACT A patient after a diagnostic application of radiopharmaceuticals as a source of radiation - mutual radiation strain of the personnel and patients My work focuses on the radiation protection on account of the potential influence of ionizing radiation with its negative effects on a human organism. In my work I concentrated on observing the obtained personal equivalent doses of the ionizing radiation in the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the Hospital of České Budějovice, plc. I also focused on the measurement and assessment of the dose rate obtained by the employees of the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the Hospital of České Budějovice, plc. from treated patients with regard to the distance and type of the applied radiopharmaceutical. The methods chosen for the actual measuring, gathering, recording and assessment of the data are described in a great detail and presented in the methodology of my work. The data obtained from the personal TL dosimeters is registered and filed in the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the Hospital of České Budějovice, plc. on a long term basis. Therefore it enabled me to analyze the equivalent dose of four nurses during the last five years. The results were compared with the figures determined in the regulation 307/2002 of the Code, as amended by regulation 499/2005 of the Code. The results are then clearly presented in tables and graphs. The collected data has confirmed that the values of equivalent doses obtained from the personal TL dosimeters of four nurses working in the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the Hospital of České Budějovice, plc. do not exceed figures determined by the regulation 307/2002 of the Code, as amended by regulation 499/2005 of the Code. The measured dose rates decrease with the distance and are proportional to the activity and type of radiopharmaceutical.
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