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Možnosti využití přírodních insekticidů
Malec, Josef
Botanical insecticides are naturally occurring chemicals synthesized by plants for defend against herbivores. The aim was to verify the possibility of using natural insecticides to protect of cherries against cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi L., 1758). In 2016, was evaluated the efficacy of three natural insecticides (spinosad, azadirachtin, pyrethrins) in the cherry orchards near the village of Bílé Podolí in the district of Kutná Hora (240 m a. s. l.). Their efficacy was compared with a synthetic insecticide (acetamiprid) and an untreated control. Insecticides were applied by cherry fruit fly adults caught on yellow sticky plates. Efficacy was evaluated in two periods, one week after the last treatment and during harvest maturity (June 23). Maximal efficacy of 100% was found after application of Piretro Verde (pyrethrins), and the product Mospilan (acetamiprid). Efficacy of preparation Spintor Fly (spinosad) was 95.83%, of preparation Neem Azal TS (azadirachtin) in combination with a food attractant was 83.33%. All used natural insecticides have shown efficacy in protection of cherries against cherry fruit fly.
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Výskyt škůdců a jejich antagonistů v konvenčním a ekologickém zemědělství
Malec, Josef
The aim of this thesis was to find out which pests and their antagonists occur in crop growth in conventional and organic farming. The occurrence of pests and their antagonists was investigated in 2018 in the stands of red clover (Trifolium pratense) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) in conventional and ecological land management systems near Ruda u Velké Meziříčí. The trapping methods used were skidding and glue boards. A total of 16,131 individuals were trapped (15951 insects, 180 spiders), 7359 (45.6 %) were trapped using glue boards, 8772 (54.3 %) were skidded. At glue boards was no significant difference in the number of trapped individuals depending on the color of the glued boards. At wheat stands were trapped 5853 (36.3 %) individuals (3143 in conventional cultivation, 2710 in ecological), at red clower stands were trapped 10278 (63.7 %), (3979 in conventional cultivation, 6299 in ecological). In total were trapped 12824 of pests, 4982 in wheat stands (2717 in conventional cultivation, 2265 in ecological), in red clover stands 7842 (2965 in conventional cultivation, 4877 in ecological). In total were trapped 1323 of antagonists, 377 in the wheat stands (151 in conventional cultivation, 226 in ecological), 946 in red clover (325 in conventional cultivation, 621 in ecological). In wheat stands were the most effective bioregulators Braconidae, Coccinellidae and Syrphidae, the most harmful insect were Oulema sp. and Thysanoptera. The most effective bioregulators in red clover stands are Coccinellidae, the most important pests are the genus Protapion.
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