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Problems of meeting the needs of patients with ulcerative colitis
MALKUSOVÁ, Markéta
This bachelor thesis is concerned with meeting the needs of patients with ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is a hemorrhagic-catarrhal inflammation of the small intestinal mucosa, which is located in rectum and expands continually to the proximal part of the intestine or to the intestine as a whole. The inflammation most frequently affects the area of rectum and is generally confined to the colon. Rarely, it may also appear in the terminal part of the small intestine (terminal ileum). Ulcerative colitis interferes with the intestinal mucosa and thereby causes the inflammatory changes to appear on its surface. Currently, the denomination is further specified to proctocolitis idiopathica. Apart from proctocolitis idiopathica, the Crohn's disease is also classified as idiopathic bowel disease. These two illnesses are the most common, nonspecific, chronic and inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract. Proctocolitis idiopathica is characterized by very uncomfortable and frequent defecation of diarrheal, blood-admixed stool during the acute phase. The early diagnostic and treatment are crucial concerning ulcerative colitis. The treatment of such disease consists of the usage of medication as established in the gastroenterology clinic, as well as the proper diet keeping. Moreover, the theoretical part deals with the hierarchy of needs and its definition. The knowledge of patient's needs and their fulfillment is of a great importance for a nurse, as it enables her to apply the proper nursing process. She is supposed to be able to recognize the needs of the patient and meet them adequately. Every person has a great variety of needs which need to be fulfilled. When this process fails, it affects the psyche of a human, mainly in areas as attention, thinking, emotions, perception, etc. The practical part is focused on the further processing and evaluation of data. The data were acquired from seven patients treated ambulatory and from six nurses employed in the gastroenterology ward. The research section consists of three objectives: Objective 1: To detect the particularities of proctocolitis-idiopathica patients. Objective 2: To map out the meeting of needs of patients with proctocolitis idiopathica. Objective 3: To determine the most frequent nursing problems concerning the treatment of proctocolitis-idiopathica patients. Based on these objectives, three research questions were established: Question 1: What are the nursing care particularities of ulcerative-colitis patients? Question 2: How the ulcerative-colitis patients meet their needs during their hospitalization? Question 3: What are the most frequent nursing problems whom the nurses come across with when nursing ulcerative-colitis patients? A qualitative method was applied in the research part. The data-collection technique is represented by semi-structured interview and took place both in the outpatient and inpatient sections, either with patients of with nurses. The exceptional cases were two respondents who were examined in a home environment. Based on this thesis, the brochure was created in order to help the patients treated with ulcerative colitis or those, who were just recently diagnosed with such ilness. On the top of that, it is also useful for nurses from various wards, due to the possibility for the ulcerative-colitis patient to be hospitalized in diverse hospital sections.
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