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Srovnání kořenového systému hybridů trav xFestulolium s rodičovskými druhy
Lukášek, Dominik
Rye grass are common considered optimum grass species for intensive agriculture in area with sufficient rainfall, because they provide a high production of quality forage. Unfortunately, they have lack of resistance to abiotic stresses. With heed to the progress climate change, when these stresses will increase, we are looking for genes from better-adapted species of Festuca. Target features are better use of nitrogen and water to attainment high production of forage, increased tolerance to drought and ability rooting compacted layers of soil. These targets lead to research on growth of roots, which are to fulfil the above written targets in award. Following the research of M. Humphreys we are focused on detailed monitoring root growth of three species xFestulolium and their parent species in the early stages of development in our research. They were tested following grasses: Festuca arundinacea (cv. KORA), Festuca pratensis (cv. PRONELA), Lolium multiflorum (cv. MORAVICE) and xFestulolium (cv. HYKOR, HOSTYN and PRIOR). The chosen the method of cultivation in cylinder with sand in outdoor conditions with fertilization in two doses, corresponding to a total 80 kg N/ha. The experiment was performed in two terms: 21. 5. when 23. 7. 2015 and 21. 9. when 11. 12. 2015. In the first term, growth was limited by high temperatures. In the second term were limiting the contrary low temperatures, especially at the end of vegetation. The evaluated parameters were: maximum depth of rooting, total dry root biomass, total root length, root surface, root volume, the ratio R/S, the dry weight of aboveground biomass, maximum height aboveground biomass, number of tillers, number developed leaves, surfaces of the leaves and root length in individual thickness categories. The length, surface and volume of roots with flat leaves, were evaluated through image analysis scans in program WinRHIZO (Regent Instruments, Canada). In most parameters it was the best Lolium multiflorum MORAVICE with xFestulolium HOSTYN. The differences between them are in most of parameters statistically insignificant (outside the maximum depth of root and flat of leaves, where MORAVICE achieved significantly higher values). Anticipated advantages relating to the growth of strong and deep roots in this experiment did not show. The supposed main reason for the termination of the experiment in the early stage of development.
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Dignostika varroózy a možnosti selekce včely medonosné na varroatoleranci
Lukášek, Dominik
This work deals with the varroose of honey bees, its Diagnostics, control and the possibility of the formation of the natural resistance of the beehives. Here is described the evolution of mite and its weak spots in the reproduction. Then there are described the various methods of estimation of contamination by the presence of Varroa, including their benefits and pitfalls. Another part of the work is devoted to each of the factors responsible for the natural resistance of the hives to varroose. This is primarily about the active removal of contested the fetus. VSH behavior and active elimination of mites from their own bodies and hive environment known as grooming. Important is also the birthing colony mode and the ratio of worker bees and drone of the fetus. In the work are briefly characterized by chemical control measures, with an emphasis on organic acids. In the practical part of evaluating the fallout, washes off and sanitary tests carried out at University honey bee Apiary. The subsequent discussion deals with the utility of the individual methods Varroatolerance and estimate the adequacy of their use in practice.
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