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Speciation rate
Leščinskij, Artem ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Macháč, Antonín (referee)
Speciation rate is a frequency at which an original species splits into two species per unit of time. Since this rate cannot be directly determined, it must be inferred from the fossil record or a reconstructed phylogeny using appropriate diversification model or nodes and branches of a phylogenetic tree. The homogeneous birth-death process is the basic method upon which other models, such as time-dependent or density-dependent models, are based. Non-model methods such as DR statistics, node-density metrics or inverstion length of terminal branches, are methods depend on reconstructed phylogenetic trees. More complex methods include MEDUSA, BAMM, CLaDS, MTBD, or trait-dependant models. Protracted-speciation models are biologically more plausible and describe speciation as a gradual process. These methods can detect more complex diversification regimes. Tip rate determines expected species-specific rate of speciation and is less dependent on the rates of extinction and diversification; rather, it corresponds to the rate of speciation. Model identifiability is a fundamental problem limiting the estimation of the speciation rate, but this limitation can be partially overcome by new techniques such as pulled rates. Keywords: speciation rate, phylogeny, diversification, evolution, model
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