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Antidepressant sertraline and fish behavior
LEXOVÁ, Veronika
Consumption of antidepressants, including sertraline, increases annually. After their intake and excretion, the residues of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites enter recipients with insufficiently treated wastewater, and they can negatively affect non-targeted organisms. This diploma thesis deals with the occurrence of antidepressant sertraline in the aquatic environment, its bioaccumulation and its effect on fish behaviour. In the experimental part of this thesis, brown trout were exposed to an environmental concentration of sertraline of 100 ng/l. Afterwards, their behaviour was observed. Results suggest that sertraline caused a change in spatial orientation expressed with left-sided laterality. Also, exploration activity was changed, which was higher in exposed fish than in the control group. It means that exposed fish were exploring the whole labyrinth. The Fulton condition factor also affected the exploratory activity of the fish. Fish in lower conditions were more likely to explore the entire tank. Concentrations of sertraline and its active metabolite norsertraline were detected in the brain and liver of fish using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. According to the calculation of the bioconcentration factor, it is possible to say that sertraline in trout does not reach the value of the bioconcentration factor, where substances are considered to be highly bioaccumulative. Furthermore, results suggest that the concentration of both substances in fish brains affected fish behaviour, specifically their left-sided laterality and higher exploration activity. As the concentration in the fish brain increased, the probability of these changes was higher.
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Distribuce vybraných léčiv mezi články potravního řetězce ve vodním prostředí
LEXOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor thesis deals with occurrence of pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms. Sources of pharmaceuticals in recipients are treated effluents from sewage treatment plants. The mostly found in surface water and aquatic organisms are antibiotics, psychoactive pharmaceuticals, antihistamines, painkillers and cardiovascular pharmaceuticals. The occurrence of 20 selected pharmaceuticals at 10 localities affected by treated effluents from sewage treatment plants was studied in several types of matrices, in juvenile fish, plasma and muscle of adult common chub (Squalius cephalus), zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and benthic organisms. Based on the results, the highest concentrations of pharmaceuticals were found in benthic organisms and zebra mussels. The highest number of pharmaceuticals was found in benthic organisms (18 of 20 analysed) and 3 pharmaceuticals were found at all localities. The lowest number of pharmaceuticals was found in plasma and muscle of adult fish. Bílina Ústí nad Labem and Svratka Židlochovice belong to the most polluted localities. These rivers have low flows and treated wastewater from sewage treatment plants are less diluted therefore the concentration of pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms is higher.
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Uplatnění kompostu v zemědělské praxi z hlediska používaných technik kompostování a kvality výsledného produktu
Lexová, Veronika
The aim of this diploma thesis is to point out the importance of compost and its benefits for agriculture in the sense of sustainable development and restoration of soil fertility, and to compare composting technologies. To compare different composting methods which affect the resulting quality in the product and have direct impact on the efficiency of compost application on farmland. The achieved target values in the experimental part of the thesis were the verification or refu-tation of the hypothesis of positive effect of the compost on degraded soil. Young plants of Romaine lettuce were used as a model plant. I confirmed the hypothesis, using the container experiment: when medium and higher doses of compost were applied to degraded soil, it consequently improved soil properties. Using the container experiment I managed to confirm the hypothesis of the recommended ap-plication of compost at the rate of approx. 6-7 t / ha / year, with compost doses in regular cycles (once in 2-3 years).
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Processing a landscape revitalization study in a selected catchment
LEXOVÁ, Veronika
This work deals with the revitalization of the Jenínský stream, the revitalization is mainly focused on the separation of pipes from some parts of the stream. The new track of the stream including a vegetation is proposed at its spring. The revitalization also concerns the drainage system, where a new drainage trail and a retention tank are proposed. For the appropriate design of the flow capacity, drainage of water from the river catchment was calculated and the flow and concentration of the substances in the stream were analyzed. Water, its composition and hydrological cycle are generally described in the literary research. It also explains the collision-draining process and the factors that affect it. Theoretic part deals with the revitalization of watercourses and, lastly, drainage systems are described.
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Analysis of important rainfall events in selected catchments
LEXOVÁ, Veronika
I aim of this thesis is on analysis of the precipitation at the Jenin stream research area. The analysis part aims to identify the precipitation occurance and its cause, evaluation and analysis of the difference of each rain event flow rate and progress and loss of the most important compounds concentration during rainfall-runoff process. In the literature search part there is the general description of water and its most important nutrients. Then there is a description of the hydrological cyclus and rainfall-runoff process including all influencing factors. There is also a part about nurtient loss during the rainfall-runoff process.
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