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Influence of Motor Stereotypes on the Quality of Musical Performance and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Keyboard Players
LECHNER, Jan
Music has long been associated with human society. The positive benefits of performing music on human beings have long been known. Increased attention has been paid to its risks recently. The negative effects of a sedentary lifestyle on the human locomotor system are discussed a lot. Nevertheless, most musicians play sitting while they can stand. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to describe the influence of motor stereotypes on the quality of music performance and development of musculoskeletal pain, and to compare the motor stereotypes of keyboard players during standing and sitting. In the theoretical part the basic knowledge about this topic is summarized. Functional description of the human locomotor system and the influence of music is provided. Both motor stereotypes that can lead to playing-related musculoskeletal disorders and physiological motor patterns are described. Music physiology and musician's medicine are also presented. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis consists of combined research consisting mainly of recording the electromyographic activity of selected muscles during performance in standing and sitting positions. The activity of the following muscles was measured bilaterally: extensor carpi radialis, trapezius descendens, pars lumbalis erectoris spinae and obliquus abdominis externus. The performance quality was evaluated both subjectively and the software analysis of audio recordings was performed. Furthermore, kinesiological examinations were performed on the probands. In addition, an online questionnaire survey was included. Mainly the results of electromyographic measurements favorize slightly the standing position for playing instruments. This work can be used in the clinical practice of physiotherapists and in the musician's medicine. It can also serve music educators and musicians themselves
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Development of Land Cover Structure and Proposal for Using Indicators of Landscape Structure for Landscape Planning in the Cadaster of Olešnice near Trhové Sviny (S.Bohemia, Czech Republic)
LECHNER, Jan
Aims: (1.) to evaluate the historical development of a selected area, using certain indicators computed by Patch Analyst and Fragstas, (2.) to critically evaluate the possibility of using these indicators for landscape planning, (3.) to define the main factors driving the historical changes of landscape structure and to characterize changes in landscape function, and (4.) to propose an improvement of the current state of the area. Map layers including current and past landscape structures were produced using ArcGIS 9.2. Proposed have also been extreme variants of land use, its variants with an increased occurrence of shrubs, and layers showing crops cultivated in the area in the years 2003 - 2009. Some metrics were computed simultaneously by Patch Analyst and Fragstats and the outputs of both programs were compared. The data obtained were treated using STATISTICA 8.
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Landscape Development and Spatial Structure analysis of the Olešnice Cadaster
LECHNER, Jan
The aim of my bachelor thesis was mapping of the land cover in Olešnice cadaster and analysing its progression in the years 1949 {--} 2005. Changes of the structure of the landscape and history of the area that led to landscape change were analyzed. There were used methods of geographic information systems. These indices were used for analysis of changes of land cover: Shannon´s diversity index, coefficient of ecological stability, landscape similarity index, index of change and index of progression. The result of this study is the discovery of relative high values of The Shannon´s diversity index and coefficient of ecological stability. It says that in Olešnice there is high quality of the environment. The dominating trend was land consolidation between the years 1949 and 1987 and turning fields to grasslands, between the years 1987 and 2005.
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