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Pension Reforms in Latin America: Comparative Analysis of Reforms in Peru and Bolivia
Kučová, Petra ; Hedbávný, Petr (advisor) ; Luňáčková, Petra (referee)
During 1990s, pension reforms took place in 7 Latin American countries. This paper focuses on pension reforms in two countries of the region - namely Peru and Bolivia. Apart from describing reforms, the paper deals with indexation of pensions. Using data from Peru, it examines whether the consumer price index is an appropriate indicator for indexing pension benefits. Section I adumbrates economic and demographic situation in Latin America and history of local pension systems. Next section is devoted to the pension system in Peru, its reform and subsequent adjustments. The third section describes the reform and its modification in Bolivia. Section IV summarizes and compares examined reforms. Final section analyses costs of living of particular income groups in Peru. Results show that 55-60 % of pensioners faced lower inflation than was the overall inflation in the country during the period 1995-2003. Therefore, indexing pensions with consumer price index is advantageous for more than half of pensioners.
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Behavioral economics and motivating patients to take care about their health: the case of hemodialysis patientes
Kučová, Petra ; Tulejová, Henrieta (advisor) ; Bryndová, Lucie (referee)
Imperfect patient adherence to treatment leads to adverse individual and social outcomes: it has negative effect on patient health and, consequently, it increases health care costs. The adherence is low particularly in chronically ill patients with complex regimen, such as hemodialysis. This thesis provides an in-depth study of the phenomenon and presents a survey targeted at hemodialysis patients in the Czech Republic. The survey assesses prevalence of nonadherence, identifies predictors of nonadherence, and analyzes patients' attitude to a hypothetical incentive program to promote adherence. Then, an optimal design of an intervention to promote adherence is discussed. Results show that 72% of patients do not adhere to one or more areas of hemodialysis treatment. Prevalence of nonadherence is highest for following fluid restrictions (62.8%) and diet guidelines (55.7%). On the contrary, medication and appointment nonadherence is not frequent. Strongest predictors for nonadherence are: young age, male sex, treatment for depression, number of prescribed pills, and length of dialysis treatment. Most of patients (83%) indicated that they would change their behavior when involved in an incentive program to promote adherence. With regard to broad prevalence of nonadherence, an intervention targeted at...
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Pension Reforms in Latin America: Comparative Analysis of Reforms in Peru and Bolivia
Kučová, Petra ; Hedbávný, Petr (advisor) ; Luňáčková, Petra (referee)
During 1990s, pension reforms took place in 7 Latin American countries. This paper focuses on pension reforms in two countries of the region - namely Peru and Bolivia. Apart from describing reforms, the paper deals with indexation of pensions. Using data from Peru, it examines whether the consumer price index is an appropriate indicator for indexing pension benefits. Section I adumbrates economic and demographic situation in Latin America and history of local pension systems. Next section is devoted to the pension system in Peru, its reform and subsequent adjustments. The third section describes the reform and its modification in Bolivia. Section IV summarizes and compares examined reforms. Final section analyses costs of living of particular income groups in Peru. Results show that 55-60 % of pensioners faced lower inflation than was the overall inflation in the country during the period 1995-2003. Therefore, indexing pensions with consumer price index is advantageous for more than half of pensioners.
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