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The impact of noise and light pollution on voice activity of Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita)
Žilinčíková, Nikola ; Hodačová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kočicová, Pavlína (referee)
The continuing growth of the worldss population causes increase of anthropogenic influence on environment. In this mechanized times the often observed factors with influence on (not only) birds populations, are light and noise. These factors of environment can have negative impact on birds song and behavior related to it. Vocal expression is essential for communication of bird species and is necessary for their life processes. The birds are therefore, under the influence of stressors, forced to adapt themselves to newly emerging environment. This work investigates the influence of light and noise pollution on vocalization of chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita) during the morning and evening hours. The obtained data came from 4 types of locality (light-polluted, noise-polluted, light-noise polluted and without pollution) where the factors were represented predominantly by the noise of traffic and by artificial night lighting. Localities with presence of chiffchaff were selected and voice recorder was then placed into his territory. The obtained records of his voice were subsequently analyzed. The recording was done since April until May 2015, solely during the good weather conditions (without storms and strong wind). A development and intensity of the birds song were compared. The spotted result was a shift of chiffchaff´s morning vocalization initiation under the influence of light and noise pollution and increased intensity of birds song in the morning hours, in the locality affected by light and also in the noisy locality during the sunset.
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A Comparison of Bird Abundance in Differet Types of Rural Settlements along the Czech-Austrian Border
Machynková, Kateřina ; Zasadil, Petr (advisor) ; Kočicová, Pavlína (referee)
In the nesting season 2015, the differences between abundances of 11 selected synanthropic species were monitored in village housing development and agricultural buildings on both sides of Czech-Austrian border in the area of Třeboň and in the Gmünd district. There were 20 municipalities chosen for this research, from whom half were in the Czech Republic and the other half in Austria. Two squares 100 x 100 m were demarcated in each village, of which one was situated mostly in the residential and the other in the agricultural area. The monitored species were house sparrow, Eurasian tree sparrow, Eurasian collared dove, European greenfinch, European serin, black redstart, European goldfinch, common linnet, common starling, white wagtail and common chaffinch. Other factors, such as poultry breeding, coverage of greenery (of herb layer, bushes and trees), the proportion of old and new housing development, etc. were monitored as well.
The number of identified species in the square and also their total abundance were significantly higher in the Czech Republic. Regarding individual species, the most noticeable difference in abundance was observed with Eurasian tree sparrow (in the Czech Republic 151 individuals, in Austria 37 individuals), followed by house sparrow (in the Czech Republic 217 individuals, in Austria 123 individuals). Significant difference was also proved with Eurasian collared dove. The most numerous detected species were in general both kinds of sparrow. Furthermore, the abundance of detected species was compared also between residential building areas in the centre of a village and the agricultural buildings on its outskirts. Significant difference was observed only with house sparrow and Eurasian collared dove, both species preferred the centre of a village, on both sides of the border. For the house sparrow he was also a statistically significant difference in the density of development in the monitored squares on the numbers in the Czech Republic. In Austria, a significant difference in percentual representation of tree and shrub layer in the monitored squares on abundance.
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