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Experiential types in Alfred Schütz: Between Husserl and Phenomenological Sociology
Kinc, Šimon ; Čapek, Jakub (advisor) ; De Santis, Daniele (referee)
Edmund Husserl returns in his philosophy to the question of general concepts, dividing them into empirical (which are the result of generalizations and do not apply universally) and eidetic (having universal validity). His student Alfred Schütz challenges this division and anchors empirical pre-predicative categories, which he calls types, in the structures of the intersubjective experience of the individual in the lifeworld. Is this a radicalization of the already radical Husserlian principle of phenomenological empiricism or, on the contrary, a questioning of it? Either way, Schütz's theory of types and typification is firmly tied to the phenomenological structures of consciousness, time, meaning, sociality, or horizons of experience. The influence of this theory can hardly be overestimated, for it paved the way for a phenomenologically oriented sociology in which typification and its conceptual offspring play the role of both scientific methodology and object. For sociologists who refer to Schütz, such as T. Luckmann or H. Garfinkel, the central question is thus how people as actors categorize their world. This thesis describes the emergence of Schütz's theory of types from Husserl's phenomenological empiricism, explains its connection to other central phenomenological concepts, and outlines its...
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