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Saturation of psychosocial needs of patients hospitalized in surgical wards
KOHOUTOVÁ, Miroslava
According to a holistic approach, the health care team should focus on the entire bio-psycho-social aspects of the patient and not just on saturation of physiological needs. The diploma thesis deals with the issue of fulfilling psychosocial needs of patients hospitalized in surgical wards. The basic of patient care represents the nursing process, which enables general nurses to obtain important information about patients and leads to improve nursing care. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis describes the basics of the field of surgery and specifies the psychosocial needs. The practical part describes methodology and results of the research. The aim of the study was to evaluate the saturation of psychosocial needs of patients hospitalized in the surgical department. There were determined two research questions: What kind of role performs the patient, his family and the health care team in saturation of psychosocial needs. And what kind of factors affect the saturation of the needs of the patient hospitalized in the surgical department. A qualitative research method with semi-structured interview with patients was used to achieve the goal. The research concludes, that in the most cases, patients are afraid of the operation and moreover the need for safety and security is impaired. This situation can be reduced by the health care team, who should provide comprehensive information to patients about their disease. Moreover, the staff should apprize patients with the environment, other circumstances about the operation, postoperative care and subsequent convalescence to reduce the fear. Furthermore, it is important that the behavior, support, helpfulness and trust in the hospital staff can help to saturate other needs. The health care staff contributes to promote the need for recognition and respect for the patient's intimacy and privacy. The love and belongingness need can be fully saturated by a well-functioning family that forms self-esteem and motivates its member, expresses support, economic need, protection and saturation of social needs. Motivation leads the patient to saturate the need for self-actualization and gives him the strength to overcome obstacles. Pain accompanies every illness and disturbs the saturation of other needs, so it is necessary to minimize the pain. The area of saturation of spiritual needs is still perceived as a sensitive topic. Each patient is unique, has different needs, and therefore everyone should be approached individually to identify and saturate his specific needs.
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