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Exceptions to the cartel ban
Křížková, Michaela ; Horáček, Vít (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
Exemptions from cartel prohibition English summary On 16 of December 2002 the European Commission adopted a Regulation Nr. 1/2003 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty which was revolutionary as it has totally changed the way of obtaining a legal exemption from a prohibition of cartel agreements contained in an article 81 section 1 of the EC Treaty. Before the Regulation the Commission granted its approval for exempting certain types of agreements which fulfilled the conditions under the article 81 section 3 of the EC Treaty, i.e. if they contribute to improving the production or distribution of goods or to promoting technical or economic progress, while allowing consumers a fair share of the resulting benefit, and which does not impose on the undertakings concerned restrictions which are not indispensable to the attainment of these objectives and afford such undertakings the possibility of eliminating competition in respect of a substantive part of the products in question. A weak point of such a regulation was that the Commission was permanently overloaded by numerous demands for declaration of inapplicability of a cartel prohibition. Therefore there was strong need to modify the system in order to make the work of the Commission more effective....
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Exceptions to the cartel ban
Křížková, Michaela ; Horáček, Vít (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
Exemptions from cartel prohibition English summary On 16 of December 2002 the European Commission adopted a Regulation Nr. 1/2003 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty which was revolutionary as it has totally changed the way of obtaining a legal exemption from a prohibition of cartel agreements contained in an article 81 section 1 of the EC Treaty. Before the Regulation the Commission granted its approval for exempting certain types of agreements which fulfilled the conditions under the article 81 section 3 of the EC Treaty, i.e. if they contribute to improving the production or distribution of goods or to promoting technical or economic progress, while allowing consumers a fair share of the resulting benefit, and which does not impose on the undertakings concerned restrictions which are not indispensable to the attainment of these objectives and afford such undertakings the possibility of eliminating competition in respect of a substantive part of the products in question. A weak point of such a regulation was that the Commission was permanently overloaded by numerous demands for declaration of inapplicability of a cartel prohibition. Therefore there was strong need to modify the system in order to make the work of the Commission more effective....
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Analysis of influences of tax and European subsidies on GDP and unemployment in the Czech Republic
Křížková, Michaela ; Pavelka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Nečadová, Marta (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze what was the influence of corporate tax rate and total paid amount on corporate income tax on GDP and unemployment in the Czech Republic. The essay also describes the impact of European subsidies given to Czech corporates as primary receivers on GDP and unemployment in the Czech Republic. A comparison of these two macroeconomic factors is provided. Conclusions show that there are some impacts which are not supposed to be transferred to a concrete comparable numbers. The thesis provides detailed overview of main impact of derivation of European subsidies given to Czech companies as primary receivers and changing corporate income tax on GDP and unemployment. The comparison of above influences is provided both on theoretical basis and the real one in the period of 1993-2013 for the Czech Republic. Conclusions and author's ideas are supported by professional publications. The thesis provides information on how the problematic is width and deep within these impacts. Any reader can create his/her own opinion on the problematic based on provided information and data.
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Analysis of the family budget during the whole life time
Křížková, Michaela ; Zámečník, Petr (advisor) ; Šikýř, Martin (referee)
The aim of this work is to analyze incomes and expenses of individual person and families during their life, to find appropriate opportunities for savings and investment for certain situations in life, to calculate the efficiency of investment to education, to calculate funding their own flat or house compared to living in a rented flat or house, to calculate the costs of a child, to find out when it is appropriate to insure themselves, to plan the financing for seniors. Historically averages and interest rates of mortgages, the growth of emerging markets, the average of inflation rate are used for every calculation. In conclusion, there is given a complete perspective of total income and expenses.
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