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Mechanics of flow of inhaled fibres in a replica of human airways
Kánská, Jana ; Elcner, Jakub (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
The ability to describe the movement of fibrous particles is essential not only because inhaled fibers can cause serious lung diseases, but also because the fibrous shape of particles could be suitable for inhalable medications. The theoretical part of the work is dedicated to the methods currently used to model the transport of fibers, both in simple cases and in models of human lungs. Furthermore, it summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field of fiber movement a deposition. An overview of experimental and computational studies is provided. In the experimental part, two deposition experiments with polydisperse fibers were conducted. One experiment represented a woman’s breathing during heavy activity, with an effective inhalation flow rate of 127 l/min. The other represented a woman’s normal breathing, with an effective inhalation flow rate of 19.1 l/min. A female lung model was used, created by modifying a male lung model. The results confirmed that with a lower inhalation flow rate, fibers have the potential to penetrate deeper into the lungs, specifically beyond the 7th generation of branching in the tracheobronchial tree. Among the most significant findings is the fact that to ensure effective targeted drug delivery in the case of aerosolized fibrous medications, it is necessary to control the inhalation style, particularly the maximum flow rate.
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Inhalers and nebulizers for treatment of diseases caused by bacteria
Kánská, Jana ; Bělka, Miloslav (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
One of today's problems that threaten the future of humanity is the ever-increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. It is therefore necessary to look for new treatments against bacterial diseases. A possible alternative to antibiotics is treatment with bacteriophages. This work aims to help to increase the effectiveness of bacteriophage treatment. The first part of the thesis contains a survey of inhalation devices and focuses in particular on the devices most suitable for phage therapy, i.e. treatment with bacteriophages. Furthermore, there is a brief overview of phage therapy and the studies already conducted on this topic. In the experimental section, three experiments are described. In the first two experiments, the model drugs were liposomes. First, their size distributions were measured after nebulization using two types of nebulizers (jet and mesh). Next, the deposition of liposomes after nebulization was monitored in a simplified lung model. In the third experiment, phage lysates were nebulized using three different nebulizers (two jet and one mesh). The nebulized lysates were captured in a sterile tube so that the stability of the phages after nebulization could be subsequently evaluated. The experimental part showed that during liposome nebulization, the jet nebulizer produced more FPF than the mesh nebulizer. It was further found that during nebulization with the jet nebulizer, almost the same amount of aerosol entered the lungs as remained in the mouthpiece, with a large amount also remaining in the nebulizer itself. A third experiment showed that neither nebulizer substantially degraded the phage lysate.
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Inhalers and nebulizers for treatment of diseases caused by bacteria
Kánská, Jana ; Bělka, Miloslav (referee) ; Lízal, František (advisor)
One of today's problems that threaten the future of humanity is the ever-increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. It is therefore necessary to look for new treatments against bacterial diseases. A possible alternative to antibiotics is treatment with bacteriophages. This work aims to help to increase the effectiveness of bacteriophage treatment. The first part of the thesis contains a survey of inhalation devices and focuses in particular on the devices most suitable for phage therapy, i.e. treatment with bacteriophages. Furthermore, there is a brief overview of phage therapy and the studies already conducted on this topic. In the experimental section, three experiments are described. In the first two experiments, the model drugs were liposomes. First, their size distributions were measured after nebulization using two types of nebulizers (jet and mesh). Next, the deposition of liposomes after nebulization was monitored in a simplified lung model. In the third experiment, phage lysates were nebulized using three different nebulizers (two jet and one mesh). The nebulized lysates were captured in a sterile tube so that the stability of the phages after nebulization could be subsequently evaluated. The experimental part showed that during liposome nebulization, the jet nebulizer produced more FPF than the mesh nebulizer. It was further found that during nebulization with the jet nebulizer, almost the same amount of aerosol entered the lungs as remained in the mouthpiece, with a large amount also remaining in the nebulizer itself. A third experiment showed that neither nebulizer substantially degraded the phage lysate.
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