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Lung cancer screening with the help of a low-dose CT
KÁPLOVÁ, Helena
Lung cancer has asymptomatic character, which may not cause to the patient any problems for a long time. When any problems connected with lung cancer are detected, it can be diagnosed more advanced lung cancer and it can be poorly treated. For this cancer, early detection is needed, which can lead to early treatment when the patient has a high chance of survival. Based on this issue, research studies for lung cancer screening were conducted. A study called the National Lung Screening Trial was conducted in the United States and a study called Nelson in Europe. In both studies, lung cancer mortality was reduced by 20%. At the beginning of the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis I dedicate to the lung cancer. Basic information on lung cancer is included here. The next chapter describes what screening is and the screening programs that are currently underway in the Czech Republic. From these graphs it is possible to find out how a certain screening affects the course of a given cancer in the population. At the end of this chapter, a planned pilot program for the early detection of lung cancer in the Czech Republic is described. At the end of the whole theoretical part, the principle of the CT device and a comparison of low-dose and classic CT chest from the patient's dose perspective are briefly described. In the practical part of the work I deal with the objectives of the work and the research question. The aim of this work is to make a qualified estimate of instrumentation and personnel equipment for lung cancer screening, and the research question derives from this. What would be the expected number of low - dose CT in the Czech Republic in the case of lung cancer screening? In order to be able to estimate the number of CT devices needed, I measured the average time during the native examination and determined the working hours of the examination. I obtained the number of smokers in the Czech Republic from open sources. From these data and the conditions for inclusion in the screening program, it was possible to compile three model situations of how lung cancer screening could take place. In the discussion, I further evaluate the obtained results.
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