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NOx production and elimination
Boška, Michal ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Chlápek, Petr (advisor)
Bachelor’s thesis deal with production and elimination emission of nitrogen oxides their influence for animated and inanimate nature and their characteristic. Main part of thesis is theoretic analysis of creation mechanisms in combustion suits and description most widely used method of elimination nitrogen oxides. Part of thesis deal with problems concerning of nitrogen oxides at legislation at Czech Republic.
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Technology to remove sulfur oxides (NOx) from flue gases for large combustion plants
Hrubý, Radomír ; Bojanovský, Jiří (referee) ; Jecha, David (advisor)
In the specified large combustion plant, fuel with a large content of sulfur is burned. The current desulfurisation method is not able to meet the new emission limits, therefore it is necessary to design an adequate desulphurisation method. The theoretical part of this diploma thesis contains a description of the legislation related to emission limits for large combustion plants and an analysis of individual technological methods of desulphurization together with a description of the relevant sorbents. The practical part of the work contains a design of dry conditioned sorption with the using of a calcium-based sorbent. The basic technological and structural design is designed together with the spatial solution and dispositional solution of the whole technology.
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Technology to remove nitrogen oxides (NOx) from flue gases for large combustion plants
Kučera, Jan ; Brummer, Vladimír (referee) ; Jecha, David (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with selected abatement techniques of nitrogen oxides (NOx) developed for large combustion plants. The first part describes selected NOx, their properties and explains the formation during combustion. Furthermore, there is an analysis of current legal legislation regulating the issue of emission limits. The third part presents selected primary and secondary measures that are widely used. The emphasis is placed on the description of selective catalytic (SCR) and non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). Finally, the basic design of these technologies for model combustion equipment is performed. The consumption of reducing medium and the volume of the catalyst for the mentioned techniques are calculated here. The estimate of selected operating and investment costs is a part of the basic scheme.
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Integrated technology for environmentally safe residual plastic waste and sewage sludge disposal
Kadlecová, Petra ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
The existing methods of sewage sludge and non-recyclable plastic waste management turn out to be unsatisfactory in long terms. Landfilling of the high-calorific-value wastes will be lim-ited in near future and the potential soil contamination by some of the sewage sludge contents led to several legislation changes in the field of using the sewage slugde in agriculture. The presented thesis aims to find an integrated solution for sewage sludge and plastic waste with a focus on the possibility of phosphorus recovery from the resulting ash. Based on the study of the available separate solutions and relevant legislative regulations, three variants of possible integration were proposed. Subsequently, the basic energy and material balance of these vari-ants were performed using W2E software.
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Treatment of flue gas polluted by NOx
Hanák, Libor ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Dvořák, Radek (advisor)
There is an overview of secondary methods for NOX removal from stationary sources in the first part of master’s thesis. There are well known methods as SCR o SNCR, but also new and experimental ones. An accent is putting on catalytic filtration, especially on cloth filter, which will be used for experiments. An important part of master’s thesis is a project of new experimental unit for experiments with cloth and ceramic catalytic filters as well as with a bit of cloth filtration material. Unit has compact proportions, high-class measurement and control and wide application spectra. Other advantages of this equipment are fast and easy cleaning and installation. This unit, called INTEQ II, can be used in plants or in laboratories. There is prediction model created together with new technology. It enables calculation of efficiency at catalytic filters with variable conditions without many experiments. This model is elaborate and will be finished with dates from measuring. There in only summary of planned experiments in this thesis, because measurements at new unit have not done yet. Experiences with operations at unit INTEQ I were used for proposal of new equipment and for experiments planning.
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Incineration of Sludge Mixed with Alkali
Urban, Václav ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
Subject of the present Ing. thesis is problem of incineration of sewage sludge and influence of lime on production of editions. In work are described kinds of sewage sludge combustion and possibilities of edition cleaning. Work includes design and description of experimental combustion of sewage sludge mixtured with kalcite in fluidized bed reactor. The end of work delal with, evaluation of editions from combustion experiment. Evaluated components of bunt gases are: heavy metals, TZL, SO2, CO, CO2, HCl, HF, O2, NO, PAH, PCB, PCDD/F.
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Disintegration of sludge thickened by flotation
Veverka, Jakub ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Houdková, Lucie (advisor)
The main topic of this thesis is a research of influence of disintegration of sewage sludge on the production of biogas during the process of anaerobic fermentation. The theoretical part deals with issues and specific methods used during the process of waste water cleaning, furthermore it contains simplified description of waste water treatment plants and particular devices. The number of ways of processing sewage sludge and its potential utilization id also discussed. Following parts of the thesis analyze in detail my own process of anaerobic fermentation including important factors influencing this process. Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation and ecological perspective on the issue are included in this part. Another important part of the thesis deals with disintegration and description of the disintegration methods and devices. The fundamental part implies the analysis of the executed experiments. Experiments analyze the growth of biogas during anaerobic fermentation depending on the disintegration of sewage sludge. After that the evaluation of the experiments is stated together with economical calculations of the disintegration process executed in laboratory conditions.
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Biogas technologies
Martanová, Iveta ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Beňo, Zdeněk (advisor)
This bachelor's work deals with technology of conception and production of biogas from biodegradable waste. In the introductory part there is elaboration of biogas facts, the principle of biogas origin and the usage of biogas in practice. The main part is dedicated to individual technology of the biogas production. There are descriptions of technological equipment for gas producing and descriptions of individual methods of waste processing indicating their advantages and disadvantages.
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Pressure loss of catalyst carriers
Linda, Matúš ; Kilkovský, Bohuslav (referee) ; Jecha, David (advisor)
The diploma thesis is divided into four main parts. The first part deals with the issue of waste management and its energy utilization in waste incineration. Processed harmful substances produced by incineration as well as emission limits. It deals with the types of catalytic carriers, their description, production and more detailed processing of ceramic foam VUKOPOR. The second part is devoted to technologies utilizing catalytic processes and a more detailed specification of the process. In the third part there is processed the calculation methods for pressure losses for individual types of carriers. Fourth, the most extensive part describes the INTEQII experimental device, its technology and construction, as well as the principle of the practical part, measuring of the pressure losses of carriers. It includes the evaluation of pressure losses in separate categories of carriers, such as the bed, HoneyComb and VUKOPOR ceramic foam. Subsequently, a comparison of the pressure losses of all carriers is made relative to the reference size of 1 m. The impact of bonding of VUKOPOR foam samples on the size of pressure losses is discussed. At the end of this section, the suitability of calculation methods for individual carriers is evaluated, depending on the experimental pressure loss data.
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Problems with sulphur and silicon in biogas
Holub, Radim ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Beňo, Zdeněk (advisor)
The main objective of this bachelor’s thesis is a description of a composition of biogas (BG) and contained undesirable components, which include especially sulphur and silicon compounds. In an introductory chapter is given a definition of the biogas, principle of its creation, chemical composition and a share of undesirable components. In following chapters are described single undesirable components, their properties and negative impact on parts of equipment using biogas. The following are the methods to reduce the critical concentration values of these components or their complete removal from biogas. In the thesis are also given practical solutions to eliminate these undesirable components.
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