|
|
Morphological and molecular characterization of yeasts from the genus \kur{Zygosaccharomyces} associated with honey bees
JAVŮRKOVÁ, Petra
Beekeeping is one of the oldest fields of human activity. A key role in this field is played by the honey bee (Apis mellifera), which is also an important pollinator of agricultural crops and wild plants. Although bees have evolved defense mechanisms during their long evolution against a variety of external influences, bee´s existence is currently threatened by several factors. An interesting way for increasing the immunity of the bee colony seems to be the honey bee microbiome. Honey bee microbiome is the main focus of this thesis, with a practical part focused on yeasts of the genus Zygosaccharomyces. Twenty samples/strains of the yeasts were isolated from the intestines of bee larvae, pollen baskets, and pollen on selected culture media. Based on sequencing of the D1/D2 region of the large ribosomal DNA subunit, three species of the genus Zygosaccharomyces were identified in these twenty samples: Z. rouxii, Z. favi and Z. mellis. Four pairs of primers were also designed within the ITS region and can be an alternative or complement to the molecular characterization of isolated yeast strains based on another marker region of DNA. All primers were evaluated as specific for Z. rouxii species. Using one pair of primers, the part of ITS region was also amplified in the species Z. mellis. According to this, these primers could also be used to identify this species as well. The last part of this work is the determination of ergosterol production in yeast biomass by HPLC. Ergosterol is produced by the Zygosaccharomyces yeasts and it plays an important role in the development of the bee brood. It was found in this thesis, that ergosterol levels in yeasts are not uniform and also do not correlate with biomass production. The highest production of ergosterol was found in the species Z. mellis, which is a sample obtained from pollen. The outputs of this work provide a new perspective on the colonization of the intestinal microbiota of bees and also offer potential significance for the future, especially in the application of yeast as a source of ergosterol for developing larvae.
|
|
|
Examination of lactose intolerance by DNA sequencing
JAVŮRKOVÁ, Petra
Lactose intolerance is one of the most common food intolerances. It is caused by decrease of lactase enzyme in the small intestine epithelium, which leads to insufficient lactose metabolism and its accumulation. Lactase loss may be congenital, primary or secondary. The first two types are genetically conditioned. Large interest of this issue in the last few years has led to identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which are associated with lactose intolerance. Within European population, two most significant polymorphisms keep occurring: C/T-13910 and G/A-22018. Owing to the fact, these are practically the only ones that are examined in European population. Each SNP is identified by NCBI and has its own identification number (ID), by which it can be identified and traced in gene databases, professional publications, etc. Polymorphism C/T-13910 is coded as rs4988235 and G/A-22018 as rs182549. While the impact of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes in both polymorphisms on individuals is widely known, there is very little information about the combined genotype in the professional literature. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis I focused beside other analysis on individuals who are homozygous only in one of the polymorphisms. All patients were firstly selected based on preliminary results obtained by PCR-RFLP method and then re-examined by another independent method, known as sequencing. The final compilation consisted of 20 samples with different genotypes, in half of which combined genotypes were presented. Based on comparison of sequencing results and PCR-RFLP results, some discrepancies were found in 20 % of presented samples. After comparing both mentioned diagnostic approaches in the discussion, I have evaluated the sequencing method more reliable. On the other hand, sequencing method is more demanding in terms of laboratory equipment and is also more expensive than the PCR-RFLP method. For this reason, sequencing is not used for routine diagnosis of lactose intolerance.
|
|
|
Marketing communication of shopping center Futurum Kolín
JAVŮRKOVÁ, Petra
The main aim of this graduation theses was to describe and evaluate the marketing communication of shopping center Futurum Kolín and find out what type of marketing communication tools is used. After characteristic of the center followed by description of the communication mix. In the theses was realized marketing research to identify the typical customer of SC Futurum Kolín as a starting point for effective marketing communication. Based on the results were designed new tools of marketing communication that complement the already existing.
|
|
| |
guest ::
RSS feed.