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Vliv různé intenzity zpracování půdy na její fyzikální a hydrofyzikální vlastnosti
Houšť, Martin
This thesis is aimed on evaluation of possibilities using both minimum and conventional soil tillage technologies in case of maize grain in systems of soil management and of its influence on physical and hydro-physical soil characteristics. Observation was made within stationary field experiment conducted from 2001 on loam Ortic luvisol in maize production region on the plot of agricultural company Agroservis 1. zemedelska Ltd., Visnove. There were evaluated three ways of soil tillage: (1) ploughing to the depth 0,22 m; shallow soil tillage by discs equipment till the depth 0,10--0,12 m; (3) direct sowing. Observed was influence of different soil tillage on basic physical soil properties, water infiltration, penetrometric soil resistance and on yields of corn maize grown repeatedly on the same place. From the basic physical properties were evaluated bulk density, total porosity, minimum soil air capacity and soil moisture content. The lower intensity of soil tillage was the more statistically significant increase of bulk density and lower total porosity were observed. The highest values of bulk density were observed after direct sowing. Total porosity was the highest in case of ploughing. The lowest minimum soil air capacity was observed after direct sowing. The highest soil moisture content was on variant with direct sowing and the lowest on ploughing variant. Influence of different soil tillage on water infiltration was not (except extremely wet year 2010) statistically significant. Influence of different intensity of soil tillage on water infiltration was different in each year. In dry years (2008 and 2011) was higher speed of infiltration on variants with minimum soil tillage and in extremely wet year 2010 on variant with ploughing. In average was the highest intensity of infiltration on variant with ploughing and the lowest on variant with shallow tillage. Penetrometric resistance of soil was always higher under the treated lay of soil where is made more solid lay. Influence of different soil tillage on maize grain yields was not statistically significant. In average was reached the highest yield after ploughing (10, 76 t.ha-1), followed by shallow soil tillage (10,55 t.ha-1) and lowest yields were reached in case of direct sowing (9,76 t.ha-1). Results show in the given conditions on possibility to use shallow sowing for maize grain.
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